Gendered Media

Article 7 Gendered Media: The Influence of Media on Views of Gender Julia T. Wood Department of Communication, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill times more regularly than ones about ladies (â€Å"Study Reports Sex Bias,† 1989), media distort genuine extents of people in the populace. This consistent twisting entices us to accept that there truly are a bigger number of men than ladies and, further, that men are the social norm. Topics IN MEDIA Of the numerous impacts on how we see people, media are the most inescapable and one of the most powerful.Woven all through our day by day lives, media intimate their messages into our awareness every step of the way. All types of media impart pictures of the genders, a considerable lot of which sustain ridiculous, cliché, and restricting recognitions. Three topics depict how media speak to sexual orientation. To start with, ladies are underrepresented, which erroneously suggests that men are the social norm and ladies are irre levant or undetectable. Second, people are depicted in cliché ways that reflect and continue socially embraced perspectives on gender.Third, portrayals of connections among people underscore customary jobs and standardize savagery against ladies. We will think about every one of these subjects in this segment. Underrepresentation of Women An essential manner by which media mutilate the truth is in underrepresenting ladies. Regardless of whether it is prime-time TV, in which there are three fold the number of white men as ladies (Basow, 1992 p. 159), or children’s programming, in which guys dwarf females by two to one, or broadcasts, in which ladies make up 16% of anchorpersons and in which tales about men are incorporated 10 MEDIA’S MISREPRESENTATION OF AMERICAN LIFEThe media present a twisted form of social life in our nation. As indicated by media depictions: White guys make up 66% of the populace. The ladies are less in number, maybe in light of the fact that less than 10% live past 35. The individuals who do, similar to their more youthful and male partners, are about all white and hetero. Notwithstanding being youthful, most of ladies are wonderful, extremely slender, uninvolved, and basically worried about connections and getting rings out of collars and cabinets. There are a couple of terrible, disagreeable ladies, and they are not all that lovely, not all that subordinate, and not all that mindful as the great women.Most of the awful ones work outside of the home, which is presumably why they are solidified and unwanted. The more remarkable, aspiring men involve themselves with significant business bargains, energizing experiences, and safeguarding subordinate females, whom they frequently then attack explicitly. From Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender, and Culture by Julie T. Wood, Chapter 9, pp. 231-244. 0 1994. Republished with consent of Wadsworth Publishing, a division of Thomson Learning. Fax 800-730-2215. 31 T LI Y IIYC~ WI I H MEDIA Other legends about what is standard are correspondingly braced by correspondence in media.Minorities are even less noticeable than ladies, with African-Americans showing up just once in a while (Gray, 1986; Stroman, 1989) and other ethnic minorities being for all intents and purposes nonexistent. In children’s programming when African-Americans do show up, constantly they show up in supporting jobs as opposed to as principle characters (O’Connor, 1989). While increasingly African-Americans are showing up in prime-time TV, they are over and over again cast in cliché jobs. In the 1992 season, for example, 12 of the 74 arrangement on business systems included enormous African-American throws, yet most highlighted them in cliché roles.Black men are introduced as sluggish and unfit to deal with power as obscene, or potentially as unlawful, while females are depicted as oppressive or as sex objects (â€Å"Sights Sounds, and Stereotypes,† 1992). Writing in 19 93, David Evans (1993, p. 10) censured TV for generalizing dark guys as competitors and performers. These jobs composed Evans, delude youthful dark male watchers in& thinking achievement â€Å"is just a spill or move step away† and daze them to other, increasingly practical desire. &panics and Asians are almost missing, and when they are introduced it is normally as miscreants or hoodlums (Lichter, Lichter, Rothman, and Amundson, 1987). Likewise under-spoke to is the single quickest developing we are maturing so individuals more than 60 make up a significant piece of our populace; inside this gathering, ladies fundamentally dwarf men (Wood, 1993~). More established individuals not exclusively are under-spoken to in media yet in addition are spoken to mistakenly as opposed to segment real factors, media reliably show less more seasoned ladies than men, apparently on the grounds that our way of life adores youth and magnificence in women.Further, older people are regula rly depicted as wiped out, needy, bobbling and uninvolved, pictures not borne out, all things considered. Distirted delineations of more established individuals and particularly more seasoned ladies in media, in any case, can bamboozle us into speculation they are a little, wiped out, and irrelevant piece of our populace. gathering of Americans-more established individuals. As a nation, Stereotypical Portrayals of Women and Men when all is said in done, media keep on introducing the two ladies and men in generalized manners that limit our impression of human possibilities.Typically men are depicted as dynamic, gutsy, ground-breaking, explicitly forceful and to a great extent uninvolved in human connections. Just as’ predictable with social perspectives on sexual orientation are delineations of ladies as sex objects who are normally youthful, dainty lovely, inactive, subordinate, and regularly inept and stupid. Female characters commit their essential energies to improving the ir appearances and dealing with homes and individuals. Since media plague our lives, the manners in which they distort sexes may mutilate how we see ourselves and what we see as typical and attractive for men and women.Stereotypical depictions of men. As indicated by J. A. Doyle (1989, p. sick), whose examination centers around manliness children’s TV commonly shows guys as â€Å"aggressive, predominant, and occupied with energizing exercises from which they get compensations from others for their ‘masculine’ achievements. † Relatedly, ongoing examinations uncover that most of men on prime-time TV are autonomous, forceful, and in control (McCauley Thangavelu, and Rozin, 1988). TV programming foi all ages excessively delineates men as genuine certain, skillful, owerful, and in high-status ‘positions. Tenderness in men, which was quickly apparent during the 197Os, has retreated as set up male characters are redrawn to be progressively intense and remov ed from others (Bayer, 1986). Exceptionally well known movies, for example, LethaI Weapon, Predator, Days of Thunder, Total Recall, Robocop Die Hard, and Die Harder star men who epitomize The absence of ladies in the media is resembled by the shortage of ladies accountable for media. Just about 5% of TV scholars, administrators, and makers are ladies (Lichter, Lichter, and Rothman, 1986).Ironically, while twothirds of news-casting graduates are ladies, they make up under 2% of those in corporate administration of papers and just about 5% of paper distributers (â€Å"Women in Media,† 1988). Female movie chiefs are even rnonz-scant, as are officials responsible for MTV It is presumably not unintentional that scarcely any ladies are off camera of an industry that so reliably depicts ladies adversely Some media experts (Mills 1988) accept that if more ladies had positions o; authority at official levels, media would offer increasingly positive depictions of ladies. tereotype of o utrageous manliness Media, at that point fortify long-standing social standards of masculinity:’ Men are introduced as hard, intense, free, explicitly forceful, unafraid, rough, absolutely in charge everything being equal, and-most importantly not the slightest bit ladylike. Similarly intriguing is the means by which guys are not introduced. J. D. Earthy colored and K. Campbell (1986) report that men are only here and there demonstrated doing housework. Doyle (1989) noticed that young men and men are once in a while introduced thinking about others. B.Horovitz (1989) brings up they are ordinarily spoken to as uninterested in and clumsy at homemaking, cooking, and kid care. Each season’s new advertisements for cooking and cleaning supplies incorporate a few that exaggeration men as awkward clowns, who are clumsy people in the kitchen and no better at dealing with kids. While children’s books have made a restricted endeavor to portray ladies occupied with exercise s outside of the home there has been minimal equal exertion to show men involbed in family and home life. At the point when somebody is indicated dealing with a kid , ‘t is normally the mother, not the dad. ’ This propagates a negative generalization of men as unfeeling and uninvolved in family life. Cliché depictions of ladies. Media’s pictures of ladies additionally reflect social generalizations that withdraw extraordinarily from reality As we have just observed, young ladies and 7. Gendered Media JILL I recollect when I was little I used to peruse books from the boys’ segment of the library since they were all the more intriguing. Young men did the pleasant stuff and the energizing things. My mom continued attempting to get me to peruse girls’ books, yet I just couldn’t get into them.Why can’t tales about young ladies be brimming with experience and fortitude? I know when I’m a mother, I need any little girls of mine to com prehend that fervor isn’t only for young men. ladies are drastically underrepresented. In prime-time TV in 1987, completely 66% of the talking parts were for men. Ladies are depicted as fundamentally more youthful and more slender than ladies in the populace all in all, and most are portrayed as aloof, reliant on men, and enmeshed seeing someone or housework (Davis, 1990). The necessities of youth and eauty in ladies even impact news appears, where female news analysts are relied upon to be more youthful, all the more genuinely alluring, and less frank than guys (Craft, 1988; Sanders and Rock, 1988). De

Phony Catcher In The Rye Essay Example For Students

Fake Catcher In The Rye Essay Holden Caulfield is adolescent anxiety bull-poo with a pickax. Hes sarcastic,nasty, and totally unlikeable. He additionally doesnt give a poop. He is everyteenager gotten between the crapy little rounds of secondary school (youresupposed to kill yourself if the football crew loses or something) andthe dread of adulthood (going to find an office line of work and make a ton of moneylike the remainder of the fakes). The significance in Holden Caulfield is that what he needs to state is betterthan a million Celestine Prophecies or anything said by JonathanLivingston Seagull (put something aside for the cackles after you shoot him) or Jesus(save for the fanciful hello Peter I can see your home from here). Holden Caulfield says that life sucks, everybody is a fake, and youll beinevitably disillusioned by everybody that you hold in stunningness. In the event that you thinkthat this sounds dreadful, pose yourself one inquiry. When was the last timeyou discovered any delight in viewing Barney or the Care Bears? It isnt exactly what he says however the manner in which he says it. He experiences lifemaking dead-on perceptions that totally shoot the kneecaps out fromunder the terminally grandiose. At the point when an effective undertaker advises theschool to follow his model and ask when things turn sour, it is HoldenCaulfield who calls attention to that the person is appealing to God for additional individuals to kick the bucket. Hes discouraged by nuns and irritated by shallow lady friends, while in lovewith his non-romantic companion. Much all the more intriguing is the way that Caulfields general pissed offattitude and his hormones are inseparably connected. He for all intents and purposes needs tokill his flat mate, Stradlatter, on the grounds that Stradlatter may have screwed agirl he wants. He culpably confesses to making out with fakes, and in amajor admission he admits to being a virgin. He gets the poo beat outof him by a displeased pimp subsequent to concluding that he doesnt need a to havesex with a whore for the silliest of reasons.(he simply discovered itdisconcerting to see her take her garments off without fanfare.)The factthat his younger sibling has simply passed on and that hes being kicked out ofyet another school comes in just short of the win to the entire sex question. In otherwords, Holden Caulfield is a person; generalization away. What is additionally fascinating is the way intently C aulfield catches the attitudeand culture of youth. There is the standing framework wherein Caulfieldhates and wishes to be his flat mate Stradlatter. Then zit-encrustedAckley, whom he possibly should feel compassion toward, is an irritating person thatHolden cannot stand by to escape his room. Hes thoughtful to theprinciples little girl, saying that its not her flaw what sort of abastard her father is, and without overlooking anything comments on the factthat she cushions her bra. Mercilessness and disappointment are blended, however the comedylevel permits you to chuckle at your own difficult recollections. In all actuality, in the same way as other of his fans, Holden Caulfield ends up being nuts orat least living in a crazy refuge. (Apologies, on the off chance that you believe that thosestupid shock endings are the best motivation to understand Salinger.) Yet, inCaulfields madness, there is an otherworldly topic. By being the pissedoff, dreadful, pessimistic crazy jerk; Holden C aulfield proposes that it isok to be a poo. Your reactions of the world are not invalid and nothingyou state or believe is awful to such an extent that you have to stifle it. Unexpectedly, thisis not just something that is basic to endurance (particularly in the event that you zone youngster and urgently attempting to keep up your lily-white self image)but is likewise the way to eventually turning into an average caring person. .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e , .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e .postImageUrl , .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e , .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e:hover , .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e:visited , .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e:active { border:0!important; } .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e:active , .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e:hover { mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u292e98 4217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u292e984217315067a68c3db1d2466d8e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Type 2 Diabetes EssayKeep your prophets, ministers and shamans. Sick take Holden Caulfield overthem quickly. Words/Pages : 589/24

Christian Classical Education Essay Samples

Christian Classical Education Essay SamplesThere are many Christian classical education essay samples. It is a great way to get the most from your students and to improve their writing skills. There are many different formats of essay samples for you to choose from. This article will give you examples of essay samples that are perfect for this particular subject.You can find a number of these examples in the course syllabi of many universities. This is a great way to provide your students with a sample of an essay to write. It also gives them a taste of what they should be writing if they are going to enter a certain program. The problem with this, however, is that the general reader does not know how to read academic essays; therefore, they can easily become lost without the assistance of an instructor.For example, say that you wanted to get into a particular college, but did not know how to write academic essays. If you were to look through all of the syllabi, you might find the ap propriate essay sample. However, there is no guarantee that the essay sample will have everything that you need. This is why I have included a number of resources below for your reference.In your English class, I would suggest that you have the chance to watch a video tutorial that will guide you through the process of writing an essay. This can really be helpful. Some of the video tutorials can also help you understand a concept better than any book can.Another resource to use for your particular subject is the computer. As I already mentioned, you will find a number of different formats for your college essay sample that are perfect for your particular needs. When you want to go online and do some research for a particular essay, you can easily search for one that is just right for you.An Internet forum is a great place to seek out a lot of information regarding the particular topic that you are writing about. Here, you will be able to gather information from other students, as we ll as from experienced professionals. This can help you understand more about the topic and will also give you the opportunity to get some advice on what to avoid and what to include in your essay.Many of the topics in which you will find the information you need on the Internet forums. Make sure that you get the guidelines for grammar from the beginning. Grammar is very important to a good essay.Above I have given you three examples of the best resources that you can use when looking for Christian classical education essay samples. You should keep these resources in mind when you are doing your research for a specific topic.

College Success Essays - 1891 Words

College Success What does it mean to be successful? Many people look at the word success from different views. The dictionary defines success in two ways: the accomplishment of one’s goals and then the attainment of wealth or position. I believe you can be successful in two ways as well: you can be successful in your career and you can be successful by doing what makes you happy and living a fulfilling life to your standards. You don’t have to have a huge mansion on top of a private hill looking over the ocean to be defined as successful. When asked what it takes to be successful in college, that’s a different story. To be successful in college is to reach your academic goals in a productive way. I am in college to obtain a†¦show more content†¦Another vital skill that will help me to succeed in college is to have good communication with professors. I chose this skill because your instructors are your most important resource through your college years. Mastering this s kill will help me with just about anything; keeping up with grades, going over questions that I have on the homework assignment so that I don’t make the same mistake on the test. Professors can be your friend if you let them. They really are there to help you succeed. In â€Å"Student Guide to First-Year Composition† Sugie Goen-Salter writes, â€Å"When you are a student in a first-year composition course, your instructor is your most important resource.†(50) Goen-Salter is saying that you have many resources in college but your main one will be your instructor. You can use them as a learning tool or even as someone to just talk to. I’d much rather my professors be my friend or at least know me by name and face rather than not know who I am. I will talk to my professors about anything; the weather, how their day is going, what they had for breakfast, etc. The purpose of your instructor is to be your guide along this journey of life. If I keep in good cont act with my professors I will never be unsure about what is being asked of me. Sugie Goen-Salter also writes, â€Å"Office hours and your instructor’s office location will be listed on your syllabus, and your instructor will post her office hours outside herShow MoreRelatedPersonal Responsibility Is the Fuel for College Success1154 Words   |  5 Pagesfuel for college success XXXX GEN/200 XXXX Instructor: XXXX Personal Responsibility is the Fuel for College Success Although many people attend universities and colleges, not everyone has a successful college experience. Success in collegeRead More College Success Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesSkills That Are Important For College Success University Of Phoenix Gen 300 Skills For Professional Development nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It seems in the society we live in today, having a college degree is a necessity. 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Socrate and the Examined Life - 1353 Words

The significance of the Examined life Adrian Eames 951105878 Section leader: Elizabeth Grosz The Trial and Death of Socrates takes place during a time in Socrates life where he becomes most reflective. During these final moments of Socrates life a theme arises, that of the unexamined life. Socrates claims that â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† (Apology 38a). Profound as the statement may seem it creates many questions; what is the unexamined life? And why is the idea of an examined life so dear to Socrates? It s clear throughout the dialogues of The Trial and Death of Socrates has a sort of obsession with questioning the world around him, and discovering truth. These dialogues highlight an inner struggle within Socrates as he†¦show more content†¦Socrates uses his apology to to attack the wealthy and those who chase after positions of power â€Å"Wealth does not bring about excellence, but excellence makes wealth and everything else good for men, both individually and collectively† (apology 30b). This quote provides two insightful pieces o f knowledge about Socrates. The first is that it shows his perception of wealth and what it is to be truly wealthy, to Socrates quality of life is wealth. The second is it shows that Socrates believes that doing the right thing will lead to a better quality of life, or what he considers to be wealth. Above all Socrates greatest interest is the state of ones soul. While Socrates is accused and put to death for being an atheist it is clear that Socrates does believe in the gods and in fact believes them to be all powerful. Socrates seems aware that he is destined to be put to death from the start of the dialogues as his main focus is always on right and wrong, pious and impious. After spending what seems like an eternity trying to define pious and impious Socrates and Euthyphro arrive at a dead end, Socrates shows his determination by saying â€Å"so we must investigate again from the beginning what piety is, as I shall not willingly give up before I learn this† ( Euthyphro 15d). It s clear that SocratesShow MoreRelatedReflection On The Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living794 Words   |  4 Pagesand Socrates, the saying â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† proves true in three ways: first, to live a life full of discovery is a direct calling from God; secon d, an examined life leads to humbleness; and lastly, a life spent in investigation will constantly be in pursuit of truth. A vital motive for pursuing an examined lifestyle is if a command to do so comes from the higher power one believes in. 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Socrates was aRead MoreApology, By Plato s Apology1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I know, I do not know,† are the words that constitute Socrates’ philosophy that â€Å"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.† In â€Å"Apology,† written by Plato, this ethical belief makes a bold appearance demonstrating that true ignorance only revolves around those who think that they know everything. In â€Å"Apology,† Socrates learns that the wisest men are those who do not think of themselves of wise, and rather make an approach of going beyond an authentic method of inquiry and helping othersRead MorePlato s Apology And Ralph Waldo Emerson s On Self Reliance1559 Words   |  7 Pagesthat living an unexamined life is living a life of ignorance and futility. On the other hand, living an examined life is living an enlightened life full of intelligence. I agree with Plato and Emerson’s similar ideas that without knowledge, life as it is, is n ot worth living. They both argue that having personal beliefs creates an intelligent society. Having knowledge allows for one to set goals and objectives to achieve within a lifetime, which gives purpose to one’s life. In Plato’s â€Å"Apology†Read MorePlato s The Apology Of Socrates874 Words   |  4 PagesIn Plato s â€Å"The Apology of Socrates†, Socrates states, â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† and he would rather be put to death them stop his practice of philosophy (The Apology). In this writing, Socrates is charged with not accepting the gods recognized by the state, devising new gods, and corrupting the youth of Athens. However, the word apology in the title is not our modern English interpretation of the word. The name of the speech stems from the Greek word apologia, which translatesRead MoreThe Life and History of Socrates1440 Words   |  6 PagesSocrates was one of the greatest philosophers of all time who questioned many individuals about their beliefs on ideas and thoughts that they take for granted by feeling that they know knowledge on a particular subject but utterly find out that they obtain no knowledge or wisdom on that subject that they felt so strongly about, which in turn, ended up being embarrassing to that individual. However Socrates feels that if he did not live and examined his life would have been pointless because he wouldRead MoreThe Unexamined Life Is Not Worth Living1344 Words   |  6 Pages1 â€Å"An unexamined life is not worth living† Imagine living a life without change, development and growth. Imagine living a life without any consciousness of what life has to offer. As mind-boggling as this may sound, there are actually many people on this earth that have not taken the effort to know themselves. People should be able to fairly judge their lives. Man should be able to gain wisdom by the examinations of the deeds they’ve done to prepare for the future. Life is no longer worth living

Essay about Night by Elie Wiesel and The Hiding Place by...

The chaos and destruction that the Nazi’s are causing are not changing the lives of only Jews, but also the lives of citizens in other countries. Between Night by Elie Wiesel and The Hiding Place by Corrie ten Boom, comradeship, faith, strength, and people of visions are crucial to the survival of principle characters. Ironically, in both stories there is a foreseen future, that both seemed to be ignored. Before the Great War begins affecting the Wiesel’s and ten Boom’s lives, both families experience a premonition of a dark future ahead of them. Ironically, neither family chooses to listen to these signs. In the novel Night, there are two events of visions. One is a character named Moshe the Beadle. He is a premonition for the town of†¦show more content†¦I see a fire! I see a fire!† (Wiesel 24). Everyone in the cart began to panic and look out to window; however, there was nothing but the darkness of the night sky. Madame Schachters episodes kept going on throughout the night until others had to beat her in order for her to be quiet. The train arrived at Auschwitz, and as Madame Schachter began to scream again, â€Å"the train stopped, this time we saw flames rising from a tall chimney into a black sky† (28). Whether Madame Schachter was actually seeing the flames or they were just visions in her mind, she was a warning to the others to be afraid of the fire. In the novel, The Hiding Place, Corrie’s only brother Willem writes a doctoral thesis of a terrible evil that is taking place in Germany. He wrote this paper at the university he was attending. Willem spoke of a hatred for human life that the world has never seen before, â€Å"He said, seeds were being planted of a contempt for human life such as the world had never seen† (ten Boom 29). There is no explanation as to why these warnings were ignored. Survivors today beat themselves up psychologically asking, why? Why did I not listen? Why were we all so oblivious to all of the rumors? Throughout experiences in both of the novels, it is clear that having friends and connections in the camps and prisons is crucial for survival and communication. In the beginning ofShow MoreRelatedComparison of The Hiding Place and Night Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagescomparisons and contrasts between The Hiding Place and Night. Both books were written with struggles, tenderness, agony, and fear in mind. Of these two books only one comes out and realizes that what they have gone through was not a cruse but some what a blessing from God, Himself. The struggles both face is more than just man against man but it is also a struggle within to find who they truly are and whom they truly believe in. Both main characters, Eli and Corrie, faced something they never knew theyRead MoreThe Elie Wiesel s The Holocaust1326 Words   |  6 PagesThe Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity quotes Elie Wielsel’s, â€Å"Sometimes we must interfere. When human lives are endangered, when human dignity is in jeopardy, national borders and human sensitivities become irrelevant. Whenever men and women are persecuted because of their race, religion, or political views, that place- at that moment- become the center of the universe.† Many people suffered and had to give up their lives during the holocaust. The days of horror and torture during this time isRead More Elie Wiesel’s Night and Corrie Ten Booms The Hiding Place Essay2856 Words   |  12 PagesElie Wiesel’s Night and Corrie Ten Booms The Hiding Place Many outsiders strive but fail to truly comprehend the haunting incident of World War II’s Holocaust. None but survivors and witnesses succeed to sense and live the timeless pain of the event which repossesses the core of human psyche. Elie Wiesel and Corrie Ten Boom are two of these survivors who, through their personal accounts, allow the reader to glimpse empathy within the soul and the heart. Elie Wiesel (1928- ), a journalist andRead MoreThe Hiding Place vs. Night2929 Words   |  12 Pagesto sense and live the timeless pain of the event which repossesses the core of human psyche. Elie Wiesel and Corrie Ten Boom are two of these survivors who, through their personal accounts, allow the reader to glimpse empathy within the soul and the heart. Elie Wiesel (1928- ), a journalist and Professor of Humanities at Boston University, is an author of 21 books. The first of his collection, entitled Night, is a terrifying account of Wiesels boyhood experience as a WWII Jewish prison er of Hitlers

Sustainable Procurement - National Bank of Australia Limited

Question: Describe the Report for Sustainable Procurement for National Bank of Australia Limited. Answer: Introduction The National Bank of Australia is among the top most banks in Australia. The Bank was established 150 years ago and since then the bank has been serving a large number of customers across the country. Today, the Bank has over 35000 employees, 10 million customers and over 800 branches across Australia. Also known as the National Australia Bank, it is the biggest business bank that has been supporting SMEs and corporates to start, function well and grow considerably. It has funded a large number of infrastructural projects over time. Some of these include, schools, roads and hospitals etc. The administration of the NAB believes in innovating the services it has been offering consistently with the provision of the best in class services to customers (NAB Official Website, 2016). With headquarters in Australia and a strong leadership team, the NAB has grown considerably in the past few decades. The bank has a well defined corporate responsibility policy and a strong Human Resource Management. The primary goals and objectives of the bank include the provision of better services for individuals, businesses, the economy and the community as a whole. The values of the bank include motivating its employees, provide excellent services and products to customers, formation of a will to win, ensuring the right thing is done and showing respect for the customers. The Bank is very passionate for the Values that it has set in for the people (NAB Official Website, 2016). The Vision of the Bank includes transforming customers into advocates of the Bank, increasing engagement of the people and getting an attractive return on equity. The Strategy of the bank includes increasing the amount of Australian Banking operational expenses and hiring the ideal number of employees to serve the varied segments. In addition to this, the strategy also highlights the hiring of best bankers to serve priority segment customers, raising the amount of marketing spend, laying target on priority segments and putting the focus again on big projects and initiatives. Furthermore, a line of broad strategies have also been laid by the bank through making it simpler for customers to get services or products from the bank, increasing the depth of bank and customer relationships, providing innovative solutions, driving the performance, ensuring the execution is done well and the transformation of the processes in such a manner that they are faster and more reliable (National Austr alia Bank, 2015). The internal environment of the company is healthy. The bank has taken up a number of initiatives to promote the wellbeing of employees. Some of the primary strategies adopted by the bank include development of employees, training, increasing diversity, planning and development of successors and proposing of graduate programs for the talents students. Along with this, the bank has also been promoting ethical code of conduct and ensuring mental health and well being of one and all. The board of directors of the company also showcases diversity and healthy lifestyle (National Australia Bank, 2015). With regards to the external environment of the Bank, digital transformations are a challenge in which the company operates. Along with this, the bank has been facing fierce competition from other private and public banks. It is noted that regulatory change and maintenance of funding index has been an issue for the company for quite some time now. Furthermore, it is extremely crucial to manage the non core businesses of the bank that have been giving a considerable amount of support to the organization. Lastly, there is a dire need for transformation of technology and integration of some of the recent technological advancements in order to get the best out of the market (National Australia Bank, 2014). Stakeholder Identification According to the Annual Report of the National Australia Bank, the bank offers the dividends to its shareholders in a number of ways. The distribution of dividends has been done religiously and consistently, giving a stronger image to the bank as a whole. Some notable names have been identified in the list of the stakeholders at the NAB. The stakeholders of the bank have a considerable amount of say in the overall functioning and have an impact on the strategic direction of the bank as well. The Bank has both Internal and External stakeholders. For the external stakeholders, the information about the company is made available in the website and the annual review, however, the internal stakeholders are informed through the intranet of the bank. With regards to the identification of the stakeholders, the bank clearly mentions them as individuals, group of people and companies who are affected by the activities of the banks products or services. A strong communication channel is maintained between all internal and external stakeholders of the company and consistent reports on the Corporate Responsibility are also shared. Apart from this, the bank also holds an Annual Stakeholder Engagement Program to invite issues and discussions related to the business of the company (National Australia Bank Limited, 2015). Some of the key stakeholders of the company include, customers, employees and contractors of the bank, investors (who have a share in the company, funding managers and superannuation funds), analysts, governmental regulatory bodies, associations, industry associations, suppliers, NGOs and community partners of the bank and the media in general (NAB Official Website, 2016). Risk and Opportunities Risk Management Fundamental Steps Source: MITRE NAB is committed to maintaining an ongoing focus on risks and managing them actively. With the help of Risk Committee the NAB Board oversees the risk management framework. The Risk Committee is made up of non- executive board of directors who are independent. The Board of Directors at NAB are accountable for systematic functioning of the Organisation and manage risks. These risks are managed with the help of a pattern calledThree Lines of Defence. They are: Line Management, Risk and Internal Audit. The Line management handles the risk that comes from within the business (Internal Risks), In the second model, the management is accountable for ensuring that risks and the environment are appropriately handled, make policies and develop tools to manage the risks, they monitor and challenge the team to perform keeping in mind the risks involved and minimise them. The team also informs the team on minimum standard expected and provide in-depth understanding. The function of the internal audit is to monitor the first and second line risks and a periodic review of the same. They also evaluate the general efficacy, manage the risks and the environment as well as encourage self- assessment. Below are a list of nine risk categories which can potentially harm the companys image. These risks are connected to each other therefore the management evaluates them collectively from time to time in order to deliver optimal customer satisfaction. Credit Risk: Credit risks are those where a party or customer fails to meet the standards of NAB based on their accepted terms and conditions. Operational Risks: These risks occur when the functions of the organisation are inadequate. Theses risks may also occur as a result of external aspects and people. Compliance Risk: When there is a failure to comply with company laws, regulations, licensing conditions, code of conducts in the industry which are self regulatory, internal policies various processes and framework. Balance Sheet and Liquidity Risk: This involves risks related to the book activities in NAB. It includes various other external aspects such as foreign exchange, interest rates, foreign equity, providing funds and liquid assets. Traded Market Risk: These risks are caused by uncertainties in the market trends, foreign exchange, interest rates and credit spreads which finally has a harmful effect on NABs book trading activities. Life Insurance Risk: When the bank has to pay a higher amount to its customers ,from that which is collected as premiums as well as the income earned from investments this becomes a big reason to worry and can cause considerable damage to NAB. Regulatory Risk: This happens when the legal changes are not accurately monitored. This affects NABs relationship with the regulators. As a result they fail to help the Regulatory board in developing upcoming legislative activities and make the necessary changes. Defined benefit pension risk: This happens when there is a deficit in the pension schemes that are given as benefits. This deficit happens when the assets of the pension are lower than the existing pension requirements. Strategic Risks: These are positioning strategies that the organisation makes depending on the expectation in future environmental changes. Then there are executory risks where the company fails to execute the strategies planned. The following table showcases the degree of risks and a detailed classification of the risks on certain grounds: Risk Consequences Likelihood (Low/ Medium/ High) Magnitude (Low/ Medium / High) Recommendation to reduce/ mitigate Strategic Risks Monetary losses Low Medium Constant monitoring of environmental changes Traded Market Risks Fall in interest rates High High Evaluating Market trends constantly Operational Risks Impact Companys image and Revenue Medium Low Constant communication and expectations of the Management Regulatory risk can be analysed and discussed at length in order to understand how this can impact the company and its reputation. Regulatory Risks are risks that are connected to the laws made by the government or any Regulatory body. These changes can be in the form of increasing the costs for a firm in order to continue to operate, policies that can decrease the attractiveness of the offers of the bank. The regulatory body can decide on the interest rate that banks must charge their customers or limit the margin that investment accounts can possess. There may be regulations in the manner in which the banks can operate, these regulations have major consequences to the business. Their revenue gets affected, the banks can lose their customers as a result of change in policies that decrease the attractiveness of the packages. Then there are risks involved in ignoring regulatory changes.Ignorance can not be accepted as an excuse to fail to meet regulatory rules. If the company does not stand to meet the new policy changes by the Regulatory body it can damage their name publicly because the government may take legal proceedings against the bank. This is a serious risk, therefore it is important that the Bank makes sure that they comply with government policies and updated laws at all given time to avoid making such blunders. (NAB official website) Control Strategy and Action Plan Operational risks are those where the roles are not well defined. When a company does not have their regulations in place for an appropriate functioning or a well defined list of who your potential customers for credit loans must be, then the bank suffers a great deal. Let us look at a few control strategies in order to mitigate the risks and its influence on the bank. Governance: The Board of directors define main objectives of the bank and monitors its effectiveness, by evaluating if these objectives are in place. They also oversee its progress in achieving these objectives, periodically. A complete operational risk culture is discussed in the bank which enables them to follow a roadmap to implementing these risk management strategies. When the risk strategy is successfully executed it results in the bank employees to be consciously incorporate risk awareness in every aspect of the operations in the bank. Strategy, Structure and Execution is set by good governance. Strategy: The operational risk strategy formulated by the bank helps the proper workings of the bank in other management divisions and gives a clear direction about the policies, procedures for a regular risk management process. Appetite and Policy: The real sign of an ideal policy structure is to make sure that the behaviour of the bank is in correspondence with risk appetite. Having a strategy ensures well informed business practices and banks investments. Clear Definition and Communication Policy: It is important for the top management to have a strategy in hand. Identifying risks, developing policies, assessing, deciding and implementing must be done at every levels. Furthermore the management must see to it that these decisions, assessments and policies with regard to operational risks are communicated to the rest of the employees. Periodic Evaluations based on Internal/ External changes:Regular assessment and evaluation will improve risk performance on a superior level. A thorough review of the policies must be done based on internal operations and external factors must be done to ensure that the bank is being taken in the right direction. Structure: A complete risk scenario must be present while making the structure for operational risk management.Providing a hierarchical structure that holds the ongoing risk processes, different forms of measurement models to evaluate the regulatory and economic assets, developing risk assessment theories, risk information collected through individual assessment throughout the organisation etc; are all ways to handle risks throughout the organisation. Execution: Once the structure has been formulated, the time comes to finally implement those concepts into action plans. This will include, firstly, identifying the operational risk on a regular basis, after identifying the risks a target for tolerance level of risks must be established. Finally the risk factors are mitigated and a procedure to internally control operation is established in a way that the risk tolerance is reduced to an accepted level. Following which regular monitoring and evaluation must be done and then to check how effective the risk management strategy has been (MetricStream, n.d.). Monitoring, Review Plan Elements of Monitoring and Review Let us look at what some of the elements are: Reporting to others: There must be a clear hierarchy of activities in the monitoring and reviewing process. Once the information on a certain risks, say, operational risk is gathered, then these aspects need to be included in the governance in order to create openness and accountability. Involve stakeholders: It is important to engage stakeholders in every decision making activities, making them a part of the monitoring and reviewing process in order to achieve success. The benefits of the monitoring procedures on operational risks or any other risk must be clearly communicated to the stakeholders. This will enable them to provide complete support and a chance to willingly participate. When stakeholders are informed and allowed access to such strategies, it adds credibility to the policies. Monitor Progress: Constant monitoring allows the bank to access appropriate information which enable the management to check the progress as well as review and make adjustments to the implementation as required. It is crucial to track the implementation process regularly therefore the implementation plans must define the kind of data that would be required and the procedure to be used. Taking advice from experts during the data collection process will add credibility to the methodology. Review Regularly: Reviewing is a critical aspect of the mentoring process. It helps to evaluate the manner of implementation with regard to important issues. Reviewing is necessary in operational risk managements, checking governance effectiveness and also policy outcomes. Once the review is done, the findings can be used to improve the situations through better implementation. Evaluate the end result: In order to determine the success of all the strategies and planning that has gone into risk management strategies and plans it is important to assess the end result. The proof of effectiveness of the implementation would be visible in the end results. In order to know if the structure developed is working for the bank or not or if they are being implemented or not, A regular monitoring is vital. In addition periodic reviews help the organisation to march towards the right direction. Appropriate monitoring and reviewing warns the organisation about the upcoming issues, encourage better performance induce accountability. Let us examine the strategies for Monitoring. Strategies to achieve Success Evaluation Questions: Monitoring should make us ask some very significant questions such as, Are we doing the right thing?, Is it being done in the right manner? and finally, Are there better ways of doing it. These questions will evaluate the effectiveness of policies in respect to its impact on the world and its outcome on the target beneficiary. They also evaluate on the processes through which the outcomes are being achieved. Finally, they cause the organisation to examine healthy practices,sustainability and other alternative options to achieving the expected outcomes. Understanding the goals: In the planning process, the goals and the results of implementing the policies related to the risks must be clearly discussed and arrived at a consensus. In order to be successful in the implementation process it is important to understand how successful outcomes look like. Inviting Experts: Monitoring and Reviewing must be considered critical to implementation. Roles must be clearly allocated to the chief participants who will hold accountability and work in collaboration. In the planning processes it is important to decide the people who will be involved in the reviewing process and who will handle the information collected. Evaluation activities must be taken into consideration while governance arrangements are being made. As mentioned above the participation of every stakeholder will make the process credible. Apply the Results: Post review, these findings must be used in the best manner possible. Depending on how the recommendations are being used and in which context, the results must be specific to target audience. The application of the findings must be correspondent to the initial goal of the Organisation. This process will help to recognise if any initiative must be discontinued or if corrections are required. Review and Monitoring helps to improve the policy decisions in future, recognise areas that require more focus and how certain measures are sustainable for the external as well in internal environment. They help to understand in which direction an initiative is moving forward and reasons for celebrating milestones (Australian Government, 2013). Enterprise Risk Management Plan Banks are exposed to several risks such as the growing competition from other credit units and unwarranted changes in interest rates.Banks are subject to Regulatory law changes and technological advancements. Keeping these factors in mind we will propose a Risk management plan that will help the Bank in its operations with regards to these risks. Internal Control and Risk Management: Proper risk management policies and internal control is key to any successful Banking system which is safeguarded. An effective plan will help the bank to internally control and safeguard the Banks resources, create dependable financial reports and ensure compliance with laws. This will help to avoid errors as well as enable timely detection of errors if they do surface. General Control Environment: The general control environment sets the mood in the Bank and causes the people to be conscious about control. It is the root of all internal control aspects which provides regularity and a proper structure. An Effective General control environment is set by responsible Management team and Board of Directors through their integrity, efficiency and their participation in the business aspects of the Bank. In order to have a good risk management programme, a healthy and stable general control environment is necessary. If it is ineffective then the financial aspects and approvals of the bank suffers. The level of control consciousness of the senior management also decides the functioning of certain control activities. Specific Internal Control Environment: On establishment of a stable General Control Environment, Specific Control Environment must be developed in order to handle the occurrence and the potential damage from losses. Specific Control can be divided into two broad categories; Preventive and Detective. Preventive measures are assurance of valid transactions being processed and various other forms of controls such as: Authorised transaction limits, transactions being approved by supervisors, duties being divided and rotated, reviewing and testing scheduled and unscheduled transactions, protection of information through the computer by protecting it with passwords. Detective Controls on the other hand assures that errors are detected and is solved. Some of the measures include: General ledger and subsidiaries are reconciled, checks and deposit forms accounted for, file maintenance review and transaction outcomes and day-to-day comparison of financial outcomes etc (Abound Resources, 2011) Recommendations and Conclusion Banking strategies and risk management has become a vital topic worldwide since 2008 and is not peculiar to banks or financial professors alone. Most of the risk management reports by major international institutions such as OECD, European Union and the Basel Committee, all focus on just one thing, that they will never allow such a situation again with regard to risk management. However, the matter of importance is not to avoid risks but to understand the level of tolerance of risk. No business can avoid risks but they can definitely minimise those risks and also minimise its impact on the bank. Organisations typically face risks at three different levels: Internal Risks: These are risks that can be fully prevented and are under the control of the bank. The bank must chalk out the right level of evaluation and implementation of their goals in order to maintain harmony within the organisation. External risks: There is less that the bank can do with regard to external factors causing risks to the bank such as a change in the financial markets, value of currency dropping which can affect the credit system in the bank etc. Strategy Risks: There are some risks that the bank voluntarily takes such as credit risks. Even though there are chances of a huge loss the possibilities of high returns are exceptional. However risks in this category can be avoided to some extent by conducting a thorough research on the persons credit ratings, his job, bank statements and an evaluation of his financial condition as well as the company he is working for. Knowing these details can give the bank an idea on the customers future ability to make payments to the bank. Finally, it is important that NAB focuses more on their internal risks and strategies in order to manage risks since these are two areas they have a control over. There is little or no room for control over the external factors, however NAB can plan their way forward based on a thorough evaluation of market trends, international financial market trends and global economic condition. Such an assessment will ensure smooth operation of the Bank. References Abound Resources. 2011. Sample Financial Institution Risk Management Policy. [Available https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/166442/file-18460940-pdf/docs/sample_credit_union_-_risk_management_policy_program.pdf%3Ft%3D1422311019000] [Accessed 14 October, 2016] Australian Government. 2013. Cabinet Implementation Toolkit. 5. Monitoring, Review and Evaluation. [Available https://www.dpmc.gov.au/sites/default/files/files/pmc/implementation-toolkit-5-monitoring.pdf] [Accessed 14 October, 2016] INSEAD. Banking Strategies and Risk Management. [Available https://www.insead.edu/executive-education/interviews/banking/banking-strategies-risk-management] [Accessed 14 October, 2016] Kaplan. R. S and Mikes. A. 2012. Managing Risks: A New Framework. [Available https://hbr.org/2012/06/managing-risks-a-new-framework] [ Accessed 14 October, 2016] MetricStream. n.d. Operational Risk Management (ORM) Framework in Banks and Financial Institutions. [Available https://www.metricstream.com/solution_briefs/ORM.htm] [Accessed 13 October, 2016] MITRE. Risk Mitigation Planning, Implementation and Progress Monitoring. [Available https://www.mitre.org/publications/systems-engineering-guide/acquisition-systems-engineering/risk-management/risk-mitigation-planning-implementation-and-progress-monitoring] [Accessed 14 October, 2016] Accessed 14 October, 2016] NAB Official Website. 2016. Our Values. Retrieved from: https://www.nab.com.au/about-us/corporate-responsibility/responsibility-management-of-our-business/high-performing-diverse-and-inclusive-workforce/our-values NAB Official Website. 2016. About Us. Retrieved from: https://www.nab.com.au/about-us NAB Official Website. 2016. Stakeholder Engagement. Retrieved from: https://www.nab.com.au/about-us/corporate-responsibility/responsibility-management-of-our-business/stakeholder-engagement National Australia Bank. 2015. Annual Review 2015. Retrieved from: https://www.nab.com.au/content/dam/nabrwd/About-Us/shareholder%20centre/documents/annual-review-interactive.pdf National Australia Bank. 2014. Annual Review 2014: Examples Database Retrieved from: https://examples.integratedreporting.org/fragment/310 National Australia Bank Limited. 2015. Group Corporate Responsibility Policy: Group Risk Return Management Committee. Retrieved from: https://www.nab.com.au/content/dam/nabrwd/About-Us/nab-group-corporate-responsibility-policy.pdf