An Experience That Helped Me Grow Up

An experience that helped you understand purpose of Life: When God created this universe, he created each every particle in it with a certain purpose and with a certain design in mind. And that is what our belief in our religion tells us that no one is superior or inferior in front of Allah but it’s our deeds that make us superior or inferior in front of our creator. Our deeds are determined by our performance in the tasks that Allah gives us throughout our lives.My maturity in conceiving the purpose of life didn’t come naturally but it was achieved when I witnessed the life events of one of my closest friend and the way she coped with each and every challenge of life with an open mind and with great composure on her part. My best childhood and school friend Hiba was with me since 6th grade and she was well known among all her friend circle to be very charming not because of her good looks but more because of the way she always had the positive perspective for every eve nt happening around us.She was the one in our friend group whom we all used to look up to whenever we were stuck in little mischieviious and innocent situations of school life without knowing the fact that God is going put her through such big challenges of life where she will be all alone dealing with the high tides of this world. It was pleasant morning of winters and the school day began with usual exchange of pleasantries between classmates. Hiba was smiling and mischievous as usual and our 10th grade class teacher began the day with taking our attendance.Almost two lectures have gone by when a PA to principal came to our class and told Hiba to report the principal as soon as possible. A few minutes later we came to know that Hiba’s parents had died in road accident on the motorway. There whole class room went into complete silence and we had no difficulty imagining how hard this news will be for Hiba, who was the eldest among the sisters. She was a brilliant student and had always wanted to be a doctor. That evening all friends went to the Hiba’s home to pay our condolences and to our amazement Hiba was sitting all composed and calm.The only words we heard from her mouth were the pray that May god give her strength to be a support for her sisters and even at those tough times she was thankful to God for all the blessings He had bestowed open the family. Listening to her saying that prayer I felt as if we all are very immature about our perspective of living and also knew at that moment that God will become her greatest strength and will pull her and her sisters out of this situation and will bless her more than she will ever think of.That day I learned that we should be thankful to our God for every single breath of our life and instead of asking Him for more we should thank Him for what he has already given us. And we should never idealize too much instead we should be prepared to stand against every challenge, life throws at us and we shou ldn’t find strength in our weaknesses and lust for life but our main strength lies in our belief in Allah and what we have today right here right at the moment.Today Hiba is studying medicine on scholarship in one of the top university of Pakistan. And she is also managing her whole house with the money her father left for the family. I amm sure the day is not far away when she will be a famous doctor of Pakistan. We as persons and as a nation needs to understand that God gives challenges only to those who have the strength to bear them and belief in God is the most important ingredient of life which one should never forget.

Managing Time And People Commerce Essay

Planning is indispensable in making a new venture. This undertaking remains chiefly on the enterpriser get downing the concern. A good enterpriser demands to hold a assortment of accomplishments in order to be successful. SimVenture which is a concern simulation game, is a good manner of rehearsing these accomplishments. Indeed, learning entrepreneurial and concern accomplishments is one of the chief intents of SimVenture, by leting the users to make and run their ain practical company. SimVenture besides gives the chance to larn how to do efficient determinations in all the different sectors of a concern including selling, human resources, operations, finance, and more. As a concern disposal pupil and possibly future enterpriser, it is cardinal to understand how to successfully run a company and to pattern and trade with diverse accomplishments. I have learned many lessons by utilizing that simulation and many of these will decidedly be utile in my future life and heighten my cognition and personal development. Three of the chief that I have learned are how to pull off clip and people, how to develop a concern theoretical account, and how to research and analyse the market.Pull offing clip and peopleFirst, managing clip and people has been a important lesson that I have learned utilizing SimVenture. An enterpriser ‘s most of import and most hard occupation is to pull off these two constituents. The first constituent of the concern that has to be good managed is people. Get downing a concern is non merely a one individual trade, in the reverse, good developed and directed squads are behind most of the most successful concern start-up. Indeed, developing strong entrepreneurial squads are cardinal to a good functioning venture. It is the enterpriser ‘s undertaking to happen persons that can offer cognition, experience, accomplishments, and, therefore, add up a to the societal capital of their company. Furthermore, one time the good 1s are chosen, employees have to be motivated, leaded, inspired, and encouraged in order to be efficient and to increase their committedness to the company. With SimVenture, I have learned that this procedure is important for a concern, because taking inefficient or unsuitable employees can increase unusually its costs. Besides, the simulation taught me that non merely taking the best campaigner is of import, but particularly giving them the o ccupation place in harmony with what they are the best in. The 2nd constituent of the venture that has to be greatly managed is clip. Effectiveness, productiveness, and efficiency, are facets that can be overly increased if clip is managed right. Particularly during the concern start-up procedure, at every measure of it, clip should be spent on elements that are truly relevant for the creative activity of the company. SimVenture clearly showed that clip can truly be an issue in a company as clip direction was one on the chief jobs that my squad and I had while utilizing the simulation. Sometimes employees were passing clip idle, and some other times, they were non able to complete their undertaking due to miss of clip. In the hereafter, I will cognize that clip is the constituent of a concern that is likely the most indispensable to be good managed in order to be successful.Developing a concern theoretical accountSecond, making a concern theoretical account has been an indispensable lesson that I have learned with SimVenture. Constructing a concern theoretical account can be a really long and hard procedure, because it is a complex, precise, and specific undertaking. However, it is indispensable for a new venture to develop an effectual 1 because it is the bosom of a company. â€Å" Management author Joan Magretta defined a concern theoretical account as â€Å" the narrative that explains how an endeavor plant † † ( Casadesus-Masanell and RicartAA , 2011 ) . Bing portion of a concern scheme, a concern theoretical account is used to stand for nucleus facets of a venture. A concern theoretical account can be separated in five chief characteristics. The first subdivision is understanding the clients and their purchase determination. A client in a purchase determination procedure will go through through some phases before purchasing a merchandise or service. He will research information, seek value, measure alternate, and assess value before doing any determination. Using the simulation, I learned that understanding the clients that are in the mark market can greatly profit the company in doing merchandises in harmony with their demands. Besides, through SimVenture, I realized that clients are the wheels of the concern and that it is aboriginal to do determinations in relation to them. The 2nd characteristic of a concern theoretical account is the value proposition, or the benefits that clients gain. It is really of import for a company to understand and be cognizant of what their clients derive and profit from their merchandises or services. Developing a value proposition relies on analyzing qualitative and quantitative facets and happening a manner to be different from rivals by cognizing who they are and what they do. The value proposition is used to pull clients and guarantee the company ‘s fiscal good health. The 3rd portion of a concern theoretical account is the architecture of the concern. That characteristic describes the construction and the administration of the company. It besides defines how the venture creates and distributes its merchandises and services. The concern architecture discusses whether there is a market or non for what the company is selling, by analyzing the external environment such as geographics. All these different constituents are put together to make value for the clients. Using SimVenture, it was a challenge to do efficient determinations because all the characteristics of the concern and the mark market were to be taken in history. The 4th subdivision is the gross theoretical account of the concern. Its end is for the company to happen a profitable manner to present great value to their clients and fulfilling their demands. In other words, by making better than its rivals, the venture has to pull off its costs and disbursals in order to increase its return on investings. Pricing is besides an of import facet of that phase, so the monetary value should be fixed so that it is high plenty to do net income but non excessively high for the gross revenues to diminish. Furthermore, the company has to make up one's mind which gross mechanism will be adopted and how the benefits will be delivered to their clients. SimVenture taught me that it is indispensable to hold a great cognition of our costs and disbursals in order to repair the monetary value of the merchandise at a profitable degree. The 5th characteristic of the concern theoretical account is the strategic way. The strategic way is how the organisation scheme will be achieve and which actions will be in topographic point to make so. It demonstrate the place that the venture is be aftering to take over its rivals in a long term position. It is besides a projection of where the concern wants to be in a certain sum of old ages. Using SimVenture, I have learned that the strategic program of the concern is ever to be kept in head if you want the long term aims to be achieved. In the simulation, I would hold made different determinations than my squad. In my sentiment, we were believing excessively much about the present month and non plenty of the hereafter of the venture.Researching and analyzing the marketThird, researching and analyzing the market has been a important lesson that I have learned with SimVenture. The market analysis is indispensable to be done at the get downing point of every new venture. It allows the enterpriser to cognize more about the planetary environment of its concern. The market analysis is highly of import because it â€Å" helps specify the nature of the concern and the balance of the program. [ †¦ ] Similarly, the more a start-up understands the demands of its mark market, the more it can fit its merchandise attributes to those demands † ( Barringer, 2009 ) . Indeed, the venture will hold to section the market and choose a mark market. The â€Å" market cleavage is the procedure of spliting a market into distinguishable subsets ( or sections ) that behave in the same manner or have similar demands † ( Barringer, 2009 ) . As the market cleavage was already done in SimVenture, nil was learned from that subdivision. Before choosing a mark market, the company should research and analyze the size and the tendencies of the different market sections. This is critical because a good choice will let the concern to be successful in footings of net income and gross revenues growing. With SimVenture, I have learned that choosing the best market section is one of the most of import things, because if you do n't do a good choice, maintaining a financially healthy company can be debatable in the hereafter. I had trouble choosing the appropriate mark market for the concern. Therefore, what I have learned from that for the hereafter is that a deeper research and analysis of the market and of the sections should be done in order to do the best determination possible.DecisionTo conclude, through SimVenture, I have learned many of import lessons including managing clip and people, making a concern theoretical account, and researching and analyzing the market. The simulation made me cognizant that a concern can c onfront many troubles and that the enterpriser needs the cognition and the ability to do the best determination harmonizing to any state of affairss that can happen. Runing my ain concern for a few hebdomads has decidedly helped me in my personal development, because I would now experience more confident and experient if, in the hereafter, I would make up one's mind to get down my ain company.

An Examination Of The Financial Challenges Faced By Students At The Ivy League School

An Examination Of The Financial Challenges Faced By Students At The Ivy League School Over thirty thousand people applied to Brown university this year, and only about twenty-six hundred made it in. Thats about an eight percent acceptance rate for all the poor saps who applied to that ivy league school. But they why do they need that schools name on their diploma so badly? These people are just out of school and shooting for the stars with their big dreams, but maybe a local university or even a technical college is more the speed some of these people need. Ivy League schools are ranked better, but are not better than other schools because: they are not financially accommodating, they are very stressful, and under the rug embarrassing. Financially, Ivy League schools may not be the best for someone who doesn’t come from money. Two thirds of the people accepted into ivy league schools this year of 2015 applied for financial aid. that does not mean they all acquired it, or even a reasonable amount that they may need, but they took the extra effort because they dont believe they can take on the financial burden. all of the applications for scholarships and grants that they applied for cannot cover their costs of living. Next year, tuition will rise an average of 3.76 percent at the Ivies—pushing the cost of attendance as high as $63,000 (Akane Otani). Students need about as much money for living than they do for basic tutions at a tech school. Spending money they dont have on: food, clothes, personal items (hair products, toiletries, cell phones, etc.). Thats not including if anything were to get stolen, such as textbooks or computers or anything from their dorm rooms. Theres too much to pay for financia lly with these schools for most of these kids to be attending it. seventeen percent of students who attend ivy league schools are the first of their families to attend school (Ivy Coach). that number triples for those who attend a technical college, so imagine the new burden that they have on their shoulders. not only are they the first to go to school, they are going to a big, brand name one. Stress on an ivy league college student can get so great that it leads to life changing decisions. â€Å"The stresses that comes with academia including pressure to get good grades, financial worries, failed relationships and conflicts with roommates are enough to force some students to leave college or worse. In fact, depression is the number one reason students drop out of school or die by suicide.† ( Pakistan Observer) .It can cause a person to feel a lack of self worth when trying to keep up with other students because they dont believe that they are doing as good as the others, or that they dont get the information as well as everyone else may be comprehending it. what they dont realize is that, most of the time, they all feel this way about each other. this type of emotional stress can lead to them ‘giving up and giving in’ to the pressures around them such as skipping class, slacking off, and dropping out. Embarrassing, not a work commonly used for Ivy League schools, but it’s still one to represent it. They underestimate themselves and develop a feeling of ‘checking your privilege’ (Rega Jha) which people who attend these schools shouldnt do because they are paying so much to attend these schools so they should have gloating rights. this feeling causes them to not want to stand out in the crowd and when everyone is busy trying to convince them how great it is and how well theyre doing, the person who didnt want any attention in the first place, now seems to everyone like thats all they wanted. Then these people who feel inferior to be in an ivy’s presence, expects these students to be geniuses on everything. They are bombarded with ridiculous questions that they never have or will cover in their classes because people expect so much and then are seen as dumb because they dont know the answer and are paying out the butt to have a better education, when in rea lity they could have gotten the same degree and education for a university in their state. It’s embarrassing to be just as smart as they guy at a university when theyre going to an ivy league school to get the exact same degree as the guy next to them. Yes, these schools are viewed as big names for a reason. they are prestige and only have the best of the best. Why is it then that these degrees mean so much more than one someone obtained from a university? because of the name. With so many years to build up the buildings and time to really make it better, how could anything compete? these schools are may even only be seen so greatly because they reject so many. With these schools not even having some of the programs people would need to become what they want most, why wouldnt they work to â€Å"Find the university program that loves you for you, the school that matches your values and specializes in the fields that you are passionate about† (Montesano, Mandell). as a student who goes to a technical college i can never give personal insight to someone who does actually go to an ivy league school. im a realist, so im not one to ever really fantasize or shoot for the stars when my rocket is made of cardboard. Though i admire the ones who shoot for those stars, i think they are crazy and dumb. i hope this paper has shown why my light shines on that idea of ivy league students through the financial struggles, the stress it comes with, and the silent embarrassment.

Operation management and corporate strategy Essay

Operation management and corporate strategy - Essay Example Marriott’s outputs of the key operational transformation processes The business name is Marriott which is carried by Marriott International Incorporated. This company is undeniably has undergone operations strategies over time to ensure that strategic decisions and actions will result to operation’s main role, objectives, and activities (Slack et al, 2007). Why there is a need to transform inputs it is because they cannot automatically be considered final goods or services. This is clear in the case of making a product and using technology for instance to transform raw materials into something useful by undergoing different processing stages (Thomson and Formby, 1993). The same process applies when it comes to coming up with service offering. The whole process requires transformation of available resources into something useful that can be served for the benefit of the target users, customers or markets (Johnston and Clark, 2008; Stevenson, 2008; Looy et al., 2003; Hill , 2005; Jick and Peiperl, 2002). This means that it is not only in manufacturing organisations there is a need to come up with transformation of the inputs which in this case it is common to hear about the raw materials. However, in organisations where the final product is a form of service, it is important to understand that there are also basic inputs that need to be transformed. Marriott Hotels basically need to come up with staffs as its most important resources. In order for the management to effectively promote its vision, these staffs must be fully equipped with the right information so as to elaborately create a business environment that could satisfy customers. According to Slack et al (2007), staffs and facilities belong to the input transforming resources because they have the ability to act upon the input transformed resources which are commonly in a form of materials, information and customers. Due to input processing of material, information and customer, Marriot Hotel s were able to come up with hotels with complete amenities and everything that a customer may want to find in a hotel. The five performance objectives The five performance objectives are important for an organisation not just for the purpose of obtaining corporate goals but in order to achieve competitive advantage (Slack et al., 2007). Quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost are not only determinants of good performance of an organisation but they are all essential characteristics that can be obviously found in a product or service offering. Outsourcing of service for instance, especially in hotels is found to result to reduce cost, and improve the quality and flexibility of the service (Rodriguez and Robaina, 2004). In reality, there is an observed link between business environment and the choice of operational strategy choice of the five performance objectives especially on dependability (Gyampah and Boye, 2001). Customer service in actual setting always integrates th e issue of the service speed and part of it is the determination of customer satisfaction (Davis and Maggard, 1990). Flexibility issue is widely heard among manufacturing org

Intercultural Communication in Phoenix Management Services Essay

Intercultural Communication in Phoenix Management Services - Essay Example The Foreign Service Institute was then in charge of handling cultural information in the United States. Intercultural communication did not have any resources for use in the 1960’s (Condon & Yousef, 1975). It is in the 1970’s that sources,  journals  and societies specializing in intercultural communication emerged. Hall looked at communication using the concept of low and high context messages depending on the importance of the context of the message. In a low context  message  the information in the message is explicit with no unspoken or implied information. While in the high context message most of the meaning is understood and passed on by the circumstances, relationships and  non-verbal  messages (Hall, 1976, Habke &  Sept,  1993). In the low context cultures, everything is communicated by explicit information while in a high context culture communication depends on the subtleness and circumstances. This theory by Hall lowers the chances of causing offense in intercultural communication for if one has a view of a culture; they are able to take measures to adjust to another culture thus improving the chances of precise communication (Hall, 1976)Other researchers who have contributed to the intercultural communication theory are William Gudykunst and Young Yum Kim. As a  navy  specialist deployed in Japan, Gudykunst came up with  he  theory on intercultural communication while training others.  

Interview with Harold Bloom Blood Meridian Essay

Interview with Harold Bloom Blood Meridian - Essay Example Bloom implies that no one has done what McCarthy has done here in terms of portraying so distinct a version of America. Gone are the glories of â€Å"manifest destiny† replaced instead by the very real and very frightening consequences of unending expansion. The violence, of course, is an integral part of this. But, as Bloom points out, there is also a dreamlike quality to the violence that is also necessary to distance the reader from the horror otherwise no one would be able to stand the book. The distance the characters have between each other is another important aspect of this: even in mortal situations, characters such as the Kid and the Judge regard one another from afar. These are themes Bloom returns to again and again in his interview with the deeply insightful interviewer. The violent aesthetic also carries over into the characters in the book who are very compelling. Indeed, the two main characters—the Kid and the Judge—are sui generis and captivate the reader. The first is navigating a world he has not yet learned to judge properly, while the second appears to know everything and pursue only chaos and destruction. In the course of the interview, Bloom explicitly compares the character of the Judge, to the Shakespearean villain Iago from the play Othello. The Judge could well be described as Coleridge once described Iago: â€Å"a motiveless malevolence.† He appears to have no real human desire or characteristics—his only interest is violence and chaos. He has no other purpose but to cause trouble—like Iago. Also, like Iago, he refuses to explain himself or describe how he reached this point of nihilism. When he is taken away at the end of the play he concludes his role by saying, â€Å"From this point on, I never s hall speak word.† It is an open question as to whether he can’t or simply won’t explain himself. Nevertheless, the implication is that, like the Judge, he is born this way. The word has not formed

The closing of the Muslim mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

The closing of the Muslim mind - Essay Example In Reilly's view, the success of this school over others in the ninth and tenth centuries lead to the decline of reason and therefore the closing of the Muslim mind. The consequences are drastic, but Reilly believes that, now that the problem has been diagnosed, it is possible to make fundamental changes in the Middle East by promoting different interpretations of Islam, embracing reason both in life and in theology, and essentially embarking on Aquinas' mission to unite reason and faith (197-207). Reilly refers frequently to the â€Å"dehellenization† of Sunni Islam in specific and Islam in general (11-40; 119-127). Initially, as Islam expanded, it was largely tribal, warlike and violent. This was due to the character of the region prior to Mohammed, of course: In many fundamental ways, Mohammed was a progressive reformer. Nonetheless, as a non-status quo power expanding outwards, Islam felt little need to absorb other cultures, until it started to find cultures and groups cl early superior in technological and military might. â€Å"Islam encountered Greek thought in its new Byzantine and Sassanid possessions. Exactly how these early Hellenic influences reached into Islam is a matter of some conjecture. What is clear is that huge areas of what had been the Byzantine Empire were largely Christian, and in them Greek philosophical notions had long been employed in Christian apologetics. There were also centers of Hellenistic learning in Alexandria (which moved to Antioch, Syria, around A.D. 718) and Gondeshakpur, northeast of Basra, Iraq† (23-27). As Muslims expanded, they encountered resistance, both theological and physical. As an outcome of the physical resistance, they got Greek books and knowledge; as an outcome of the theological resistance, Muslim scholars became versed in Christian ideology, Greek and Latin as languages, and became far more erudite (27-35). The consequence of this Hellenization was the emergence of the Mu'ztalite interpretati on of Sunni Islam (41-58). Greek thought in its classical form emphasized the role of reason over the passions, the rigorous use of logic, questioning authority, engaging in experimental analysis of the world, and using dialectical modes of reasoning and questioning to arrive at the truth from multiple perspectives. The synthesis of Greek and Muslim thought produced a period that Reilly waxes poetic over in Chapter Two, a period of learning during which Islam was the cradle of civilization alongside the Byzantines pitted against a horribly backward and ignorant Christian Europe. The Mu'ztalites viewed Man as free: The Koran (40:40) says, â€Å"Whosoever does an evil deed shall be recompensed only with the like of it, but whosoever does a righteous deed, be it male or female, believing shall enter Paradise, therein provided without reckoning†, alongside many other verses which establish that men are to think for themselves, which Mu'ztalites used to argue indicated that men we re supposed to be freely determine for themselves right and wrong, to create and inquire (35-40). But it was not to last. Political struggles determined the fate of Mu'ztalite interp

Critical analysis of activity based costing and traditional costing Assignment

Critical analysis of activity based costing and traditional costing system - Assignment Example In the efforts to implement the Strategic Management Accounting approach in organizations,modern business enterprises find Activity-Based Costing as an improved costing system by which the problem of large number of indirect costs and their allocation problem can be overcome It has been observed that ABC method is the most sought after innovation in the field of management accounting in the last two decades. The method was originated in the Unites States of America during the 1980s as an improved system to enable better cost allocation by means of classification of more costs as direct (Cooper and Kaplan, 1988). The advocates of ABC method argue that the firms would be able to enhance their efficiency and cost control without having affected the customers' value, if ABC is successfully implemented and followed. However, its acceptance rate is still overwhelming across industries and countries despite the strong recommendation by Robin Cooper and Robert S Kaplan, the proponents of the method. The main problem associated with the low implementation rate may be attributed to the difficulties and complexities of the system. This paper discusses and analyses the ABS system as an improved cost control technique. The paper takes comparative and analytical approach; in which comparison is made between ABC and Traditional Costing System (TCS). The paper discusses the various aspects of ABC as a superior technique of cost control by assuming hypothetical examples. Every attempt is made to analyse the important characteristic of ABC with that of TCS in a critical manner. 2. Activity Based Costing- Meaning and Significance ABC as the name signifies is a system of costing based on activities involved in transformation process. ABC is the process of simplifying and clarifying decisions required to be made by the management using activity costs. It analyzes the cost and the benefits of various operational and business activities. According to Computer Aided Manufacturing International (CAM-I), "Activity-based costing is a methodology that measures the cost and performance of activities, resources, and cost objects. Resources are assigned to activities, then activities are assigned to cost objects based on their use. Activity-based costing recognizes the casual relationship of cost drivers to activities" (CAM-I). ABC, which was basically developed as an alternative to traditional costing system enhances the scope of performance management as a measure. This system was propounded by Robin Cooper and Robert S Kaplan as a superior tool to overcome the limitations of TCS. The main inefficiency with TCS is that it fails to accurately measure the actual cost of production and hence decisions are made out of inaccurate data. Therefore, the main logic behind the emergence of ABC system revolves around supplying accurate information regarding the cost of production, cost allocation; which are vital for cost and profit analysis. The main argument in favour of the ABC system is that it is against the traditional system of cost allocation on a percentage basis. ABC system, instead takes into account the cost effect relationship for cost allocation on a subjective basis. Whenever a cost is incurred and identified in relation to an activity, the cost is allocated to the extent the product has used the acti vity. Supports of ABC system strongly believe that supplying accurate information is the most important benefit of this system. In addition, ABC is justified from the benefits such as cost control, cost reduction, more accurate allocation of indirect costs, improved insight into cost causation and identification of activity costs and improvement of operational efficiency (Kaplan and Anderson 2004). It has also been justified for being able to supply accurate cost information which is necessary for fair pricing and thereby adds value to customers.

Trifles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Trifles - Essay Example Mrs. Hale when she was Minnie Foster was a member of the choir but in the passing of time, became like bird caged in her own home, with no social relationship with her neighborhood. The primary culprit to this conflict is the husband who, though has been known to be a good man paying his debts and keeping his words, was also a hard man. The other character contributory to the conflict was Mrs. Hale who was the only person who could have at least been a friend and confidant of Mrs. Wright but chose not to be with the woman because her place has always been gloomy. She then realized the need she was not able to meet in the life of her neighbor after the discovery of the dead canary with its neck wrung, similar to how Mr. Wright died for she somehow knew what happens in a home, which are almost true for everyone, only in different ways. The investigators representing the men in general, contributed to the problem through their reactions towards women in general. They have shown contempt over the things women busy and worry themselves with and have highlighted what could have been happening in the house of the couple between themselves before the murder.

Euphoria Case Study Essay Example for Free

Euphoria Case Study Essay Human life as we know has been proven better with a scientific discovery created through the efforts of Pseudoscience Research Inc. (PRI), a conglomerate pharmaceutical corporation responsible for other life-changing advances in modern biological science and technology today. This new discovery is guaranteed to improve the quality of life for most people and would eventually establish a harmonious society human beings aspire for since time immemorial.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a lavish ceremony held at the offices of PRI, the miracle drug was unveiled to wide public acclaim. It was described as one of the most innovative and promising invention of the 22nd century. The drug Euphoria is generally regarded as the most effective and best-selling drug since viagra hit the stores. Euphoria comes from the Greek word euphoros meaning healthy. As what its name espouses, Euphoria aims to improve the lives of the majority of people who live life in constant depression, poverty, and hunger by inducing natural happiness and elation. Indeed, Euphoria changes everything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a response to the growing demand in society, PRI started to conduct research on a drug that may well be the biological ubermensch of the masses in order to rid of constant financial, social, and personal problems that the individual has to experience on a daily basis. On July 14, 1971, PRI jumpstarted the research on a new medicine that will biologically eliminate problems and hardships of an individual by developing a pill concentrated with endorphins and other happiness-inducing chemicals that will harmlessly alter the genetic code of the person as well as increase the normal endorphin count of the normal human body. Thus, Euphoria was born. Since the drugs invention, it has been tested on human subjects to adhere to the pre-existing laws on animal welfare in lieu with testing. During the early 90s, PRI was threatened with bankruptcy as the company was openly criticized for making an amoral and immoral drug simultaneously. Mostly pro-life groups rejected the idea of the drug, as it did not value human life while intellectuals criticized it as something that is atrocious since it takes out choice of a person to be miserable. But it was a famous Hollywood actress who supported the drug and brought PRI into the A-list of corporations in the world today. The three-time Oscar winner actress argued publicly that the drug has helped her made her career and improved her way of life ever since. Consequently, PRI sales on Euphoria went up by 50% in just a year and soon the company made a name for itself as one of the leading brands in healthcare in 2004. Today, Euphoria has replaced painkillers, anti-depressants, and other small-time antibiotics since it completely prevents the user from getting sick. It has been proven effective with absolutely no side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, stomach pains, chest pains, headaches, fever, and death. Since its invention, the drug has been widely-used by the public and from substantial surveys conducted by PRI itself, it has been revealed that almost 95.457% of the population take the drug as an answer to the problems since there are no other drugs that will enable them to be happy and successful. In addition, that percentage also proves the drugs popularity and effectiveness, as it won numerous awards including the Discovery of the Year recognition from Time Magazine. In 2008, the drug established the name of PRI, becoming the worlds foremost conglomerate in medicinal development. Humble Beginnings   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The credit with the creation of the phenomenal drug goes to Dr. William Falsetto, a Harvard medicine graduate, who got the sudden inspiration of creating Euphoria during a friendly banter over a couple of beers when his colleague suggested him to create a drug that has a natural high without the side effects rival to that of viagra and morphine. Because of his background as a distinguished alumnus of one of the top universities in the world, his credibility follows with his invention and therefore the drugs eventual success. [1]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He based his assumptions from an empirical laboratory experiment wherein he carefully tested the number of endorphins that the human body produces at a normal rate. After determining such, he further experimented on the subject with three substantive theories. First is to determine the amount of endorphins that a normal body produces when exercising. In a result published in the PRI research journal from 1991, Falsetto concluded that the body gives off 86% more endorphins that stimulate happiness and elation.[2] However, he debunked his theory stating that exercising is not an activity done by majority of the masses and would therefore cause a low selling and marketing rate. The second theory was to determine the amount of endorphins when eating large amounts of chocolate. The result was also promising but Falsetto soon discovered that chocolate-induced happiness is followed by undesirable side-effects such as diabetes and fluctuating sugar levels of the body. The last theory proved to be the most effective as Falsetto discovered that endorphins could be extracted as a solid powder form and could be placed in regular tablets sold. The formula is of course under strict protection of the PRI, NSA, CIA, FBI, EUROPOL and the United Nations, but Falsetto disclosed in a press interview when the drug reached its 10th year of success that it contains naturally-produced endorphins that add to the natural threshold of the human body and it increases happiness that in turn causes motivation, energy, and a positivist attitude. He boldly added that the drug can replace viagra since it also increases the sexual drive of the human body. Because of his background as a Harvard graduate, the credibility of the drug was never compromised when it went on sale since 1995.[3]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In relation with the drugs almost monumental failure, the Hollywood actress who still refuses to reveal her identity said that it almost saved her life and career. Since then, PRI inaugurated the celebrated actress as one of the chairpersons of the company and eventually her ascension as the CEO of the company. Her statement reached almost the entirety of Hollywoods royalty and soon, millions of people were convinced of Euphoria. Heads of State and royal families soon followed suit, stating the drugs effectivity and rationality over decision-making, political relationships, and terrorist negotiations. The drug also replaced the harmful and illegal drugs such as cocaine and marijuana since Euphoria induced a natural high without the hallucinogens found in the illegal drugs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 2001, 92% of the world population agreed on the use of Euphoria and consequently stamped out the drugs immoral and unethical issues regarding its use and nature. The test subjects widely accepted the drug[4] since the drug contains natural endorphins, and it follows that it marginally increases elation and happiness feeling for the person. Since happiness and elation are important for personal motivation, the drug then helps in changing the mood of the person as well as affecting change with regards to eating habits and behavior. Also, work production has also been increased since employees are now very happy with their work. Euphoria also replaces viagra as a safe alternative since the drug is naturally produced. With health issues, endorphins also increase the white blood count of the body and therefore prevent the body from acquiring diseases.[5] Majority of the people agree on the drug since it is right for the body and life as well as the right thing to do. Its moral issues were disproved since there are no deaths or accidents that are linked to the drug.[6]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1992, there was a worldwide appeal to governments that the standard of living for most of the countries is declining because of unemployment and poverty. However, as soon as Euphoria was introduced to the world, many agree that the drug has saved many lives. It is noteworthy to mention that in one of the political debates in the UN meeting of 2007, the assembly concluded that the quality of life is steadily declining and if the case is not addressed, more human lives are at stake. Either the drug should be globally legalized or the world would continue to degrade in terms of living standards and health issues. Naturally, the drug was finally given worldwide approval during September of that year, and since then, it has been proven effective.[7] However, several pharmaceutical companies rejected the claim of Euphoria to be a universal solution for biological problems. The case went to court, but it was easily dismissed by the ruling that there were no substantive claims to prove that the drug was indeed ineffective. Consequently, it also proved to be the turning point for major and minor drug companies as PRI bought the companies and formed into a multi-national biological research company.[8] Furthermore, since there are contentions with regards the effects of the medicine, it has concluded that the medicines claims are true. Mr. Falsetto received the Nobel Peace prize for Medicine and named one of the 22nd centurys greatest thinkers.[9]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because of Euphorias discovery and monumental success, it has been regarded as the drug that saved the world from misery and caused much development in the quality of living for the whole world. There are no more wars, political maneuvering, strife, poverty, and colds. The global quality of life has improved, notable through the many recent milestones in human history such as excessive singing, the development of the cure against AIDS and HIV, and a harmonious societal structure where there is no class struggle and alienation since everybody is equally happy. Thanks to Dr. Willam Falsetoo, the world is now a better place.[10] [1]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ad Hominem (Argument to the Man) [2]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Error of Fact [3]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Weak Analogy [4]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ad Populum (Appeal to the Masses) [5]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hasty Generalization [6]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Equivocation [7]  Ã‚  Ã‚   False Dichotomy [8]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Appeal to Ignorance [9]  Ã‚  Ã‚   Burden of Proof [10]   Post Hoc (False Cause)

Report on the Case Study of Virgin Trains. Organization Success

Report on the Case Study of Virgin Trains. Organization Success In the modern era, business activities have got shape of changes in different ways, if we talk in organization behavior, technology of the company, the customer satisfaction, the method of productions, the use of latest and modern equipments, the management of human resource, the intellectual resources, the activities of marketing, marketing management, products development and many other areas of the business which are consistently changing with company environment and customer need and wants. Most of he company now a days are going through change management. Change management is a process of changing the overall activities of the organizations if not all but with some extent those activities which the management feel that the company continuously facing problem by handling the work of the organization. So they decide to change the management or administration or those activities which are continuously disturbing the work environment of the company. The following may be the most imp ortant areas in which the business are taking interest to make a change. These are as under. Culture of the company, Work enviromnet, Technology, Production techniques Administration of the company, Use of latest and modern means and sources for business, Change in management etc. We can define the change management also by the help of following words. The process of changing the activities of the organization as well as the implementation of the procedures and technologies to achieve the desire objective of the organization, simply words to change the environment of the business organization and to achieve a high profit form that changing, usually change management includes different aspects such as control change, adaptation change and effecting change. The final goal of the change management is the long term sustainability of the organization. There may be some internal and external triggers which bring change in the organization activities. Change Management Importance. The process of change management is not an easy task because it requires the business skill, analytical skill, political skill, system skill, people skill, and Change management plays a vital role in the organization development because it gives stability to the organization by studying the internal and external changes. It also provides a solid base for the value and reputation. And also maximize the profit of the business concern. Change management also provides good culture and sound working system to the organization, it also creates top bottom approaches to facilitate and promote the need for a culture. Where employees do perform their activities with effective and efficient manner? Which also provide basis for human resource manger to implement those strategies for training and development which boost up the current employees for the need of the organization? Now a days various companies are hiring the services of management consultant to learn how best manage the activities of the business concern, the consultant providing best techniques for implementing the change process and to achieve the organization objectives. A) Critically examination of the case study of the virgin train. Relationship vision and culture of the company: As before all the trains network in the hand of Britain government, they appointed a separate body for the management and handling of the railway activities known as Britain rail. But since 1997 virgin train operating complete in private sector, the quality and management of the virgin train is now so better. The routes of train go through Manchester, Glasgow, and Birmingham and many others cites of the United Kingdom. The new chief executive of the virgin train has announced a new vision for a company which has with great extent support the company in different situation. Vision and mission statement of the virgin train: Vision: a statement is some time called a picture of the company in the future. Vision statement is the company aspiration, their frame work for all strategic planning of the company. The vision statement answers the question where do we want to go. For example the vision statement of the eye clinic in America is our vision is to take care of your vision. And the vision of the adamjee pharmaceuticals is the name you have learn to trust. Mission: mission statement is a brief description of a company fundamental purpose. Mission statement give answer the question why do we exist. The vision of virgin train is very clear, it has very close relation to the all activities of the virgin trains, the basic and fundamental aim of the virgin train is to achieve the customer satisfaction and coordination among employees, for this reason they have divided the whole activities of the organization into group they have developed separate region for controlling the activities of the virgin train and each region is handed over to manager for best control. Each region of the company is seeking to maximize the quality of the service to customer and other objectives of the company. Tony Collins the chief executive the company has well established the vision of the company which has differentiated the company with others, the main theme of the vision of virgin train is to empower the employees to take responsibility and ownership of their performance. This vision has worked with great extent. And have played an important role in transforming the vision in culture of the company . Vision helps the organization to meet the objective and target with some core values. The vision of the virgin train is To become the most safe, consistent, reliable and profitable of the train operating franchises in a climate that respects different views and people need not be afraid to be open and honest. If we see the vision of the virgin train it is clear form the above that it set out the concept of profitability, safety and responsibility and customer services and relation with them. Now we will see that how the vision and culture of the virgin train have some relation or not. Culture is the way of working style in the organization which is clearly study from the behavior of he employees, culture is the way of working activities, that how the manager behave with employees while they are doing their activities. And how manger treats the subordinates. Culture also depicts the procedures and system for activities and care abut the customer because customers are the ultimate king of the business. The virgin train vision and culture have strong relation ship becaus e the vision of the virgin trains have provided a solid base for culture of the company, as we have studied in this case study of the virgin train that they have now divided the activities in different region and they have move from their traditional concept to new one is the customer is the priority. We can see the culture example how they have managed the culture from their vision, the provision of toys in waiting rooms to keep childrens happy. Virgin train also encouraging recycling in all offices. They have also encouraging employees to take part in communication and give suggestion and share ideas of important issues and challenges. B) What influence organization culture in change management. First of all we must shortly define that what is meant by culture, organizational culture is a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization form other organizations. (Stephens). Culture is also consists of norm, values, attitudes, beliefs, opinion and custom and traditions of the employees while doing work in the organization how they feeling and how they finding the place for their selves. Factors influencing organization culture: The following elements or factors can be sued to influence the organization culture. a) Control system b) organization structures c) power structures d) the paradigm e) stories and myths f) symbols and g) rituals and routines a) Control system: The system to monitor that what is going on in the organization. b) Organization structures: The hierarchies of the organization, the way through which the work can be carried on, the lines of reporting etc c) Power structures. What is power based. Who will be responsible for making decision, and how power can be widely spread. d) The paradigm; the organization mission. Values, vision, what it about, and why it exists. e) Stories and myths. Events must be building up, and what is important in organization and what is not, f) Symbols. The logos and design of the organization but it also be extended. g) Rituals and routines. Meeting of management, reports of the board and so one. C) Contribution of the Organization Structure to the achievement of the Change process. Organization structure may define as organizational structure is a system of arrangement, the pattern or network of relation, between the various positions and their holders. David Buchanan.) All organization has some aims and objectives. To achieve those objectives all organization makes provision to regulate such activities, which contribute to the achievement of the goals. Such allocation of resources, supervision and coordination among the organization elements are developed to constitute the organization structure. What may be the structure of the organization if it is matrix or project, free form but with out proper structure of the organization activities no change process can be best implemented in the organization because organization structure makes it easy to understand the whole activities of the organization and which help in the change process. So it is very important for the management to develop such structure which regulates the activities of the organization and to achieve the targets. Peter Drucker suggests some principles for designing organization structure these are; clarity economy direction of vision understanding by individual of his own task and the task of whole decision making stability and adaptability and perpetuation and self renewal these principles serves to support the designing in the organization structure, if these are follows so with no doubt one can develop good and stable structure which may be supportive in the change management process, as we have seen from case study that how virgin trains have developed the regional structure according to the vision of the company. Elements of the Organization Structures: Five main elements of the organization structure are People Technology Objectives of the organization Environment e) Structure of the company itself. Organization can be viewed as a complex system, which consist the above variables. These variables mutually interrelated with each other and constitute the organizational structure and these variables are affected by environment such as social, political, economical and environmental. Types of the Organizational Structure: Line structure, Staff structure, Functional structures, Matrix structure and Project base. Designing the Organizational Structure: There are many type of organization and every organization has a different structure. Different people are placed in different position in different department of the organizations. Division of grouping and task into functions, departments, sections, and units constitutes the organizational structure. As virgin train adapted the structure for carrying the activities of the trains, they have divided the region and assign each region to a manager for handling the activities and every employees of that region are responsible to report to that specific manger. Departmentalization: Departmentalization refers to the process of grouping together employees who having common supervisor and resources. In simple word departmentalization is the division of the organization into different wings and every wing has common goal and responsible for any work done. An organization may be departmentalizing on the following basis. Function basis e.g. research, finance, and sale etc Product basis e.g. a college on subject base Customer base e. g bank, consumer loan, and business loan departments. Geographic base Time base e.g. one shift, two shift etc Now it is prove form case study of the virgin trains that how organization structure achieved the change process in that specific area, all the activities of the virgin trains have designed in such a way to achieve the customer satisfaction and employees coordination D). Strategies of the virgin trains: As clear form the case study of the virgin train that the company has adopted two main core strategies customer oriented strategy and employees or worker oriented strategies both strategies have developed the virgin trains, because in virgin trains giving priority to customers they are considering that customers are the kings of today market they are better decided about the failure and success of the business concern, and the company all activities are going round with customers so by adopting this customer priority strategy the virgin trains are now attempting to have different position to its rival or competitors, and the other one strategy which have adopted by virgin train is employees oriented because the virgin train is also considering that the workers are also the core point of the success of the business if worker are provided a good environment, health and safety condition, good reward system, well motivated so they can perform better and the company can achieve the goal easily. Effective of the strategies: By adopting these two core strategies the virgin trains now getting several advantages, they have achieved the customer satisfaction, and customer also have realized that the virgin trains is the only quality provider among the different other trains service provider in the Britain, because by adopting the strategy for customer the virgin trains have improved the quality of service by providing different services in different station of the Britain. They have also achieved the customer loyalty not only for short term but also for long term, which in term not maximizing the profitability of the virgin trains but also the reputation and goodwill of the company in the mind of the people. By adopting the strategies for employees they have also improved the work quality and have changed the behavior of the employees in work place which in result have brought good and effective working environment, which have great impact on the quality of services and working condition of the company. The y have also reduced the sickness levels ,the lowering staff turnover rates, have improved customer satisfaction ratings and have reduced numbers of complaint letters form the side of customer and community and also have cost saving from the implementation of this vision of virgin trains. Recommendation: The virgin trains can also improve their services by providing or adopting the following suggestion. Fare should be reasonable to affords by general customer to travel The reward system of the company should be based on employees need which will have positive result form the side of employees and will bring coordination. Fast and time arrival to destination has also the key success of any trains system in the world. Various facilities to customer in different station may also increase the reputation of the company. To design comprehensive, structured program which may also improve the virgin trains performance. A well reporting system may also be developed by the company to have best control of the activities of the company. Introduction of modern technology and system And improvement in system efficiency and productivity.

King Lear :: essays research papers

In the play King Lear, Shakespeare used the main characters to portray the main theme. The main theme in this play is blindness. King Lear, Gloucester and Albany are three examples Shakespeare used to incorporate this theme. Each of these characters were â€Å"blinded† in different ways because of the wrong decisions they’ve made and later on regretted. The blindest of all was King Lear. Because of his high position as the king, people would think that he should be able to distinguish the good from the bad, but unfortunately, he was â€Å"blinded† by others. Lear’s first act of blindness came at the beginning of the play. He was fooled by his two eldest daughters’ sweet words, and then he was unable to see cordelia’s true love for him. There he gave away his kingdom to the two daughters who lied about loving him and banished cordelia-who really loved him from his kingdom. â€Å"†¦For we have no such daughter, nor shall ever see that face of her again. Therefore be gone without our grace, our love, our benison.† (Act I, Sc. I) Lear’s blindness also caused him to banish Kent. Kent was able to see Cordelia’s love for her father and tried to make Lear see the same thing. But instead he got punished for it. As the play progressed, Lear slowly came to clear vision. he realized that that his two eldest daughter did not truly love him after they locked him out of the castle during a tremendous storm. He also finally saw through that Cordelia’s love for him was so tremendous that she was not able to put it in words. Unfortunately, his blindness caused the dearth of Cordelia and his own. Gloucester was another example of character that suffered from blindness. His blindness prevented him from seeing the goodness of Edgar and the evil of Edmund. His blindness began when Edmund convinced him by the forged letter that Edgar was planning to kill him. His lack of â€Å"sight† caused him to believe that Edmund was the good son although all he wanted to do is to take over his power. Near the end of the play, Gloucester finally regained his sight and realized that Edgar saved his life and loved him all this time and Edmund was the evil of the two. His inability to see occurred when he had physical sight, but when he finally could see things clearly is when he had his eyes plucked out by the Duke of Cornwall.

A Martyrs Victory In A Spiritual Sense :: essays research papers fc

A Martyr's Victory in a Spiritual Sense Bishop Francis X. Ford was a well educated, enormously gentle man, that was kicked, beaten, insulted, and surrounded by hatred. All this because of one mans beliefs. He was born in Brooklyn in 1892. He was the founder of the Maryknoll Missionaries and was the first bishop of Kwantung, China. He was killed in the late 1950's in China, he was charged with anti-Communist, counterrevolutionary, and espionage activities, his real "crime" was for being a Christian and a foreigner. During his life Bishop Ford illustrated the cardinal virtue of fortitude, which is the ability to overcome fear in order to pursue good; "it is an active sake to overcome evil for the sake of gods kingdom" said Huggard. When he took office in China, the country was already feeling the effects of the massive Japanese advance across Asia. In a short time millions lost there lives and were driven from there homes. Bishop ford refused to leave the war-torn country, even after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into the war. During this time he distinguished himself by the way he cared for war refugees. Chinese paid a terrible price during this war with Japan, but even more costly was a civil war that followed. Bishop Ford exemplified the virtue of fortitude, by not leaving the war-torn country and staying to try to pursue good. During this time of war, many would wonder what was the reason for him to stay in China, and what was his why to live? In the Novel A Mans Search For Meaning, Nietzsche says "he who has a why to live can bear with almost any how". If Ford had left the country during the time of war, there would have probably been no hope for the war refugees that didn't have the option to stay or go. His why to live was not to save himself, but to save others. In the Novel Frankl describes the human person as a meaning maker, who has the last human freedom namely to choose one attitude in a given set of circumstances. In 1950, he moved from his Diocese in Kaying China, to a political prison in Canton 200, miles away. At every stop along the way he was put on public display and humiliated. His attitude during these stops was not to give and let the humiliation make get to him, but to use it as a stepping stone to fight harder, he did the inevitable he used the humiliation to make him better.

Regionalism Essay -- Population, Suburbs

Our cities are not what they used to be. Over the corse of fifty years the once proud, strong, and viable hubs of American economic prowess are but a shell of what they were built for. The problems that many cities have are no longer condensed to their city limits and the sprawl that was created over that fifty year period is now threatening to enter the suburban spaces that were created when the city’s citizens left. The metro sprawl is starting to loose it’s attractiveness and unless there is more acknowledgment of the problems creeping out of these cities, the same declining trends will create unoccupied commercial and residential districts not unlike the downtowns of many American cities. Without careful discussion about these trends and our communities embracement of a more regional approach, then there will be more problems in less dense suburban areas, making those problems hard to correct. In order to prevent the spread of this urban blight and avoid low occupa ncy rates, communities must implement regional tax policies, plan for more effective use of space, and encourage smart growth. Regionalism is the act of looking at a populated area not as individual localities or municipalities, but as something greater. Instead of approaching our revitalization efforts to one area, the problems should be addressed regionally. This has been an ongoing topic of debate since the suburban sprawl that created communities outside of our cities first started. In fact, it has been somewhat over shadowed by the rising popularity of city revitalization efforts through public private efforts of development. City renaissance is only a small piece of what regionalism is about. Charles Clark, writer of the CQ Researcher article â€Å"Revitalizing ... ...he city have grown far larger than anyone would have imagined. It is not just an urban area that has its own concentrated problems, those problems are now directly involved with it’s suburban parters. The sooner this is realized, the sooner Americans can get to work to grow their areas smartly and soundly. The sooner communities share the revenue that is generated through non resident communal traffic, the sooner they can directly take stake in the all their regions can create and offer. The sooner that space is used effectively within their existing boundaries, the sooner communities can function as a greater neighborhood. As the cities continue to rise, so too will they continue to expand. The only way to make this function work for the good of all who share its amenities, is to implement regionalism into our governing policies.

Moral Dilemas Essay

This situation is a moral dilemma because Captain Ericson has to make a very hard decision, to either destroy the u-boat whilst killing the men in the water or to save the stranded men but risk future trouble and destruction by letting the u-boat go ie it is a situation to which his everyday morality cannot identify a solution. The ethical principles in this situation are very simple but it is very hard to determine what is best for everyone. If you sink the u-boat and kill the men you may have saved the lives of thousands of people in the future but at the same time you have slaughtered 40 hundreds of your own men who have done nothing but fight for their country. Having said this if you leave the u-boat and save your comrades from the water you have saved the lives of a few men but risked the lives of tens of thousands in the future. By destroying the u-boat he is obeying the principle of the military duty of an officer to his superiors and his country by destroying the enemy, and I quote â€Å"attacking at all costs†. On top of performing his military duty by getting rid of the u-boat he is likely to save the lives of the men on convoys that would be threatened by the same u-boat if it were not destroyed. Ericson â€Å"shut and battened down his mind† because it is human nature to doubt a decision directly after having made it; this is done because of our need for perfection. And so Ericson did this because he did not want nor could he allow doubt to enter his mind for even a second for fear of inaccuracy in judgement and failure to carryout his decision with precision. Also in order to be at ease with his decision he constantly needs to reassure himself that it was the right choice and this would be extremely hard to do if he constantly had doubt creeping into his head. Also he needs to block out all human emotions and pity for those men in order to make the correct decision. Some would argue that Ericson’s actions were completely irrational because instead of avoiding violence and death which would have spared many lives he went ahead with his military instinct, as a result killing many men both English and foreign. Some would argue that he had the chance to come out of the situation without a slaughter on his hands, which according to the religious man would have been the moral thing to do. However we must ask ourselves what we are doing in a war if we are not prepared to make a decision based in military procedure and ethics for the greater good. Therefore from my point of view I feel that Ericson made a responsible decision taking into account the factor of the safety of other men in an extremely pressured situation, a situation which thankfully I will probably never have to make nor do I feel I would have the strength nor the character to make a well balanced decision and stand for the consequences. His decision may not have been the right one but there are always going to be people with different points of view on things but whether it was the right one or not is not really relevant nor should it be dwelt upon as everyone makes mistakes at some point in their lives. In this case it was his decision to make because his superiors obviously thought he was the right man for the job, not without reason and so he made the decision under extreme pressure and in a situation which did not have many alternatives which he had been appointed to make following not moral procedure but military procedure as is the custom during. And so taking all of this into consideration I personally feel he did the right thing. As always with a question like this we must consider both arguments. To be honest we cannot establish whether Ericson is a good person or not, as the case may be simply by examining one event as people make mistakes, that is what makes us human. Having said this there is no real reason to assume that his actions were a mistake and that he acted wrongly. On the contrary I feel that Ericson did exactly what a man in his position should do. He acted only after he was sure and only after taking into account the consequences of his actions and in this case he clearly felt that he would be acting for the greater good. In war it is the norm to sacrifice one man for the safety of hundreds of others and I feel that even thought his theory is not religiously moral it is still correct because in a time of war we have no time for things like moral issues, its either kill or be killed, the enemy will shoe no mercy so why should we. Therefore I do think that he is a good person as I simply think that he is a very stressed out man in a very difficult situation with the lives of hundreds at his mercy trying to do the right thing which is military procedure which he would have been taught; kill for the greater good. Having said this a religious man would say not necessarily that he is a bad man but that he made the wrong decision in this case because instead of avoiding murder which although is lisenced in war is morally wrong. He would look much deeper into the emotions of those men in the water which is exactly what military school trains you not to do, mixing emotions with actions can get you confused and in a military situation this can make you weak and vulnerable. Therefore in conclusion I think it is fair to say that we cannot really establish whether he is a good man or not but that according to some peoples’ views he made the wrong decision.

Tradition theory and Expressive Theory

Fruitful dialogue on writing and learning was hampered not only by divisions between progressive educators and the traditional disciplines but also by a split within progressive education itself.Two stereotypes of progressive education grew up in the 1920s and 1930s and captured, in a sense, the profound tension within the movement's approach to writing, a tension that prevented Deweyan progressives from developing a coherent and persuasive substitute to the writing pedagogies of social efficiency and liberal culture.First, there was the progressive as Bohemian, the self-absorbed individualist teaching children to inscribe avant-garde poetry under a tree while they neglected their spelling. subsequently, there was the progressive as parlor-pink radical, teaching children to write dissident tracts while they neglected their spelling. To those who had read their Dewey, both were gross caricatures of his philosophy and methods.Yet these stereotypes of progressive writing instruction poi nt to the deep division in progressive thought between those who emphasized writing (and education) as a vehicle for individual self-revelation and development and those who emphasized its uses for social reconstruction and improvement.Clearly the two are not contrary, as Dewey's educational philosophy adequately demonstrated, but in the highly charged political atmosphere of the interbellum era, details of Deweyan doctrine were often lost and, in the process, so was the prospective for a rational progressive approach to writing in the disciplines.Maxine Hairston argued for a paradigm shift in the teaching of writing in her â€Å"The Winds of Change: Thomas Kuhn and the Revolution in the Teaching of Writing.† She argued that the new paradigm must focus on the writing process, a process that involves the involvement of readers in students' writing during that process. She also argued that students benefit â€Å"far more from small group meetings with each other than from the exhausting oneto-one conferences that the teachers hold† (17).Clearly, the process manner of teaching writing involves reader involvement by students in the writing of their classmates. But how thriving has that intervention been in the writing that students produce? Since this part of the paradigm is as significant to teaching writing as a process, we require having some idea as to how well it has worked.Another important influence on the promising writing process movement was the Dartmouth conference of 1966, a meeting of more or less 50 English teachers from the United States and Great Britain to consider common writing problems. What emerged from the symposium was the awareness that considerable differences existed between the two countries on how instruction in English was viewed.In the United States, English was considered of as an academic discipline with specific content to be mastered, whereas the British focused on the personal and linguistic growth of the child (App leby, 1974, p. 229). Instead of focusing on content, â€Å"process or activity†¦defined the English curriculum for the British teacher† (Appleby, 1974, p. 230)) its purpose being to encourage the personal development of the student.As Berlin (1990) noted, â€Å"The result of the Dartmouth Conference was to reassert for U. S. teachers the value of the expressive model of writing. Writing is to be pursued in a free and encouraging environment in which the student is encouraged to employ in an act of self discovery† (p. 210). This emphasis on the personal and private nature of composing was also marked in the recommendations of Ken Macrorie, Donald Murray, Walter Gibson, and Peter Elbow.One perspective that gained distinction during the early days of the process movement was that the writing process consisted a series of sequenced, discreet stages sometimes called â€Å"planning, drafting, and revising, † though today they are often referred to as â€Å"prewr iting, writing, and rewriting. † An article by Gordon Rohman (1965))

Our Home and Racist Land Essay

Being one of the most socially developed and multicultural countries in the world everyone probably sees Canada as a Utopian country. Unfortunately Canada isn’t as perfect as everyone thinks it is, and a major persisting issue is racism. Being a multicultural there are many minorities and this usually results in racism, isolation, and unequal treatment amongst everyone. Unfortunately, racism gets more serious and turns into hate crime and that is a federal offence. Racisms not only affects adults at work or on the streets but also affects children in schools and daycare centers as kids are treated differently based on their skin color. We can all imagine that racism has disappeared but in reality we know that it will never leave. Racism is defined as a belief that inherent differences among human race, does that mean that all of us have to be one race in order to eliminate racism in our society? Practically, it is impossible to get rid of racial prejudice. Racism is common amongst the streets of Canada and especially Toronto as we are the most diverse city in Canada. Racism occurs everywhere from schools to workplaces. Even where I volunteer the guy who runs is racist, he is known for only hiring white people as his staff and Hispanic people to do the cleaning. Everywhere we turn we see racism. When a lady crosses the street and sees a person of African descent she will either take a different road or being to walk really fast. This is because we are all racist by habit now. We have been influenced by movies, TV shows, and the media. We are always bombarded by â€Å"20-year old black male wanted for robbery† or â€Å"32 year-old male black wanted for murder† in the media that everyone has come to a conclusion that all black people are criminals and that is wrong. To make matters worth parents will tell their kids not to hang out with â€Å"African† people and when that one African child gets secluded he will do anything to be part of the â€Å"group† and this is when the child starts to befriend the wrong people and he is now in a gang. He gets into unnecessary trouble and now is the top news on CTV and all of this was because one arent was racist and told his/her child not to be friends with a black person. A more severe case of racism is hate crime, and that is very common in Canada. Statistics Canada has released the numbers and it states that there have been 1473 hate-motivated crimes in 2009 and 52% was because of race/ethnicity, which means there have been 766 racist crimes. To be more specific almost 300 incidents were intended toward black people, 95 towards south Asians, and 75 towards Arabs. Even in the 21st century we are still witnessing violence toward people because of their skin color. Just by viewing these statistics you can conclude that Canada is still racist. To be more precise Canada has increased in hate crimes toward race from 2006-2009 by roughly 61%. Racial discrimination must stop immediately; it is not progressing society forward it is pulling us backward. At the end of the day we are all humans and we are all one race and this prejudice towards others because of the color of their skin is barbaric. Canada is most definitely still racist, we might seem like the perfect country to the eyes of others but we are far from a utopian society. Regardless of the fact you are Caucasian, African, Sri Lankan, Arab, and Chinese we are all humans, and racism just degrades us. Abraham Joshua Herschel, a Polish-born American rabbi once said â€Å"Racism is man’s gravest threat to man – the maximum hatred for a minimum of reason. â€Å" Racism was once the reason WWII had started and it was the reason we went through a terrifying era of slaves in North America. Both Canada and the global society are frequently showing racial animosity and this should not be tolerated.

Women in Media

‘The Objectification and Dismemberment of Women in the Media-A study on women portrayal in media’ Author: Jyoti jain, Lecturer, Amity Business School, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur (Raj. ) Abstract â€Å"Women’s bodies continue to be dismembered in advertising. Over and over again just one part of the body is used to sell products, which is, of course, the most dehumanizing thing you can do to someone. Not only is she a thing, but just one part of that thing is focused on. †Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jean Kilbourne Modern Advertising is an annual multi-billion Dollar business now-a-days. Advertising is everywhere – in magazines, on television, in movie theaters, on countless web pages, on busses, in subways and on milk-cartons. In fact, advertisements are so common in our times that we don’t even realize we are looking at them anymore. They invade not only our mailboxes, but our minds and in doing so, they contribute to the image we shape of women in our culture. Women are often presented in a dehumanized way in mass media images, their humanity sacrificed to display the artificial ideal. Women are not only turned into a thing, but the thing is broken down into component parts, each of which also represents an ideal form. She is dismembered. The debate, whether the portrayal of women in advertising is a serious or overrated issue, has been ongoing for quite some time and the final answer may never be found. Does the objectification of women in advertising have an adverse affect on society? Is there more violence against women as a result of these images? Are women being exploited? This paper tries to find out some of the cause and effect of these objectification and dismemberment on women in common. ******** Article type: Conceptual paper Key words: Dismemberment, Objectification, media, advertisement Sun Theme -Objectification of women in media Media that objectify women portray women as physical objects that can be looked at and acted upon– and fail to portray women as subjective beings with thoughts, histories, and emotions. In reality, human beings are both objects as subjects, as they are physical collections of molecules as well as individuals. To objectify someone, then, is to reduce someone exclusively to the level of object. Literature review A Definition of Media Objectification Fredrickson and Roberts (1997) coined the term, objectification theory, which suggests that our culture socializes girls and women to internalize an observer’s perspective on their own bodies. When young girls and women internalize an observer’s perspective of their own bodies, they live much of their life in the third-person. This is called self-objectification. The Objectification and Dismemberment of Women in Media In dismemberment ads the images highlight one part of women’s body neglect others. Magazine ads show a dismembered female body, with parts, instead of the whole, a practice that according to media activist, Jean Kilbourne, turns women into objects. Indeed, the objectification of women is evident in our society where women are constantly sexualized, but the dismemberment of women has yet to receive the consideration and exploration it deserves. Kilbourne (2002) suggested that the dismemberment of women is a monstrous problem in advertising. Typically, dismemberment ads employ female body parts for the purpose of selling a product. Dismemberment ads promote the idea of separate entities. These ads overtly and covertly encourage a woman to view her body as many individual pieces rather than a whole. Dismemberment ads leave many women feeling that their entire body is spoiled on account of one less than perfect feature. If a woman has less than satisfactory legs, then her potential for beauty is spoiled. In other words, if every body part is not flawless, then the possibility for beauty is ruined. Many women compare their bodies and sexuality to the eroticized images that are plastered on billboards and television and in magazines and movies (Kilbourne, 2002). With these images bombarding the mass media, it alters the reality and consciousness. This results in viewing women just as pleasure objects and toys; this is the first step in converting women into prostitute. Pleasure and sex which can be bought apart from woman’s soul: conditioning men into thinking of women as objects and pressurizing women to â€Å"conform† to  sex-beauty protocols this de-humanizing continues. It is not about what dress some one is wearing, its hyper reality and politicization of women’s bodies which we are objecting. Is Objectification a Problem? If considered generally to some degree, objectification is not necessarily a problem. It has been a tendency of human nature to look at others as physical beings, and individuals sometimes choose to present themselves as others primarily as objects through their dress or behavior. Objectivity becomes an issue when it is frequent, and when people are commonly presented only as objects and not as subjects as well. Women are frequently objectified in the media. When one see an image of a woman who is presented passively, and who demonstrates no other attributes aside from her physical or sexual being, that's objectification. Here are some contemporary examples of women who are commonly (although not always) portrayed as passive objects to be enjoyed exclusively as physical beings: †¢ Sexualized images of women in music videos †¢ Pinup posters of sexualized models †¢ Women in pornography †¢ Waitresses at Hooters Dismemberment ads focus on one part of the body, e. g. , a woman’s lips. Hence we get numerous images of lips, legs, breasts, butts, torsos – female body parts. Frequently in such images the head is missing, emphasizing that females are not valued for their intellect, but for their external form, their curves. Sut Jhally points out that presenting women as fragmented and disconnected body parts detracts from thinking about women as real people with their own intellect, feelings, dreams and desires. Women become objects for consumption. Measuring the Effects of Objectification through the Use of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale McKinley and Hyde (1996) developed the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS). The OBCS has three components: body surveillance, body shame, and beliefs about appearance control. 1. The first element of the OBCS is body surveillance, the degree to which women view themselves as an object. The feminine body has been constructed as an object to be looked at. This construction encourages women to view their bodies as if they were outside observers. Psychological research has proven that there are negative implications for constant self-surveillance and self-objectification (McKinley & Hyde, 1996; Fredrickson & Noll, 1997; Gettman & Roberts, 2004; Brooks, 1995). 2. The second element of the OBCS is body shame. This encompasses the internalization of cultural beauty standards. Sadly, when women experience internalization, the beauty standards appear to originate from the self, and many women believe that the attainment of these standards is possible, even in the face of considerable evidence to the contrary. The internalization of cultural beauty standards promotes body shame, body dissatisfaction, anxiety, and depression (McKinley & Hyde, 1996). 3. The third element of the OBCS is appearance control beliefs. The OBCS relies heavily on the underlying assumption that women are taught to believe that they are responsible for how they look and have the ability and obligation to alter them when necessary. Convincing women that they can achieve the impossible beauty standards of our culture can have very negative effects. There are certainly instances in which a woman has no control over her appearance, and if this is the case, the woman feels like a failure (McKinley , 1996). The Implications of Objectification Result shown by the different studied conducted on objectification and dismemberment shows that these may contribute to the development of several mental health risks, including eating disorders, unipolar depression, and sexual dysfunction. The subsequent studies attest to the negative implications of objectifying the female body. †¢ Depression & Anxiety Kuring and Tiggemann (2004) conducted a study consisting of 286 undergraduate students (115 men, 171 women). Participants were administered a questionnaire that contained â€Å"measures of self-objectification and self-surveillance, measures of the proposed consequences of self-objectification (body shame, appearance anxiety, flow and awareness of internal bodily states), as well as the outcome variables of disordered eating and depressive mood† (301). The study found that self-objectification leads to self-surveillance that, in turn, leads to body shame and appearance anxiety and in both greater disordered eating and more depressed mood. This finding is only true for women. Contrarily, men experienced much lower levels of self-surveillance. However, the men who presented evidence of self-surveillance experienced increased body shame and appearance anxiety. It is noteworthy that men showed no presence of self-objectification, thus suggesting that women are overwhelmingly more likely to experience self-objectification and self-surveillance. The rare cases in which men experience self-surveillance, similar emotions and reactions are present (Kuring & Tiggemann, 2004). †¢ Disorded eating habits Fredrickson, Noll, Quinn, Roberts, and Twenge (1998) found that self-objectification contributed to disorderd eating directly. The participants were administered the Self-Objectification Questionnaire, which required them to rank the order and the significance of 12 body attributes by how important each is to their physical self-concept. Their hypothesis posits that anticipated body shame encourages women to participate in disordered eating. Oftentimes, women who engage in disordered eating are attempting to maintain or gain body satisfaction and avoid the dreaded experience of body shame. Their hypothesis received support. Thus, it can be safely assumed that our culture’s practice of sexual-objectification of the female body has profoundly negative effects on women, and disordered eating is only one of many. †¢ Body Dissatisfaction Study conducted by Baker, Towell, and Sivyer (1997). This study investigated the role of visual media by examining the relationship between body image issatisfaction and abnormal eating attitudes in visually impaired women. Body dissatisfaction and abnormal eating attitudes are frequent effects of our culture’s promotion of an unattainable beauty ideal.. The results indicate that visual media may play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating (Baker et al. , 1997). †¢ Anxiety & sexual dissatisfaction In a study cond ucted by Gettman and Roberts (2004), the results demonstrated that the objectification prime led to significantly higher levels of appearance anxiety. It also led to a decrease in the appeal of physical aspects of sex. This is the first piece of evidence that lends support to the prediction that objectification contributes to sexual dysfunction (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). Perhaps sexualizing and objectifying women actually decreases their sex drive rather than increases their sex drive. Conclusion â€Å"What women suffer, then, is more insidious than invisibility. It is deliberate erasure. † Undoubtedly, the sexualized portrayal of women in the media has significantly negative outcomes. These negative outcomes are not only affecting adult women but also young girls. The problematic representations of women in the media deserve our immediate attention, consideration, and research. Future studies should include: further exploration of the relational barriers between men and women, the centerfold syndrome and its effect on human intimacy, the appeal of physical sex to women and its relationship to the dismemberment of women in the media. References Baker, D. , Sivyer, R. , & Towell, T. (1997). Body Image Dissatisfaction and Eating Attitudes in Visually Impaired Women. London: Division of Psychology, University of West Minister. Brooks, G. (1995). The Centerfold Syndrome: How Men Can Overcome Objectification and Achieve Intimacy With Women. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Fredrickson, B. , Noll, S. , Roberts, T. , Twenge, J. , & Quinn, D. (1998). That Swimsuit Becomes You: Sex Differences in Self-Objectification, Restrained Eating, and Math Performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 269-284. Gettman, J. , & Roberts, T. (2004). Mere Exposure: Gender Differences in the Negative Effects of Priming a State of Self-Objectification. Sex Roles, 51, 17-27. Good, L. , Mills, A. , Murnen, S. , & Smolak, L. (2003). Thin, Sexy Women and Strong, Muscular Men: Grade-School Children’s Responses to Objectified Images of Women and Men. Sex Roles, 49, 427-437. Kilbourne, J. (2002). Beauty and the Beast of Advertising. Retrieved March 12, 2005 from http://www. medialit. org/reading_room/article40. html. McKinley, N. , & Hyde, J. (1996). The Objectified Body Consciousness Scale: Development and Validation. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20, 181-215. Roberts, S. , & Fredrickson, B. (1997). Objectification Theory: Toward Understanding Women’s Lived Experiences and Mental Health Risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173-206. Tiggeman, M. , & Kuring, J. (2004). The Role of Objectification in Disordered Eating and Depressed Mood. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 299-311. www. genderads. com Media Portrayal of Women: Female Stereotypes in the Media  http://medialiteracy. suite101. com/article. cfm/media_portrayal_of_women#ixzz0iE6NTp52

Explain the principles of regulation for professional practice Essay

Explain the principles of regulation for professional practice. (Compile a report that compares and contrast the principles of r - Essay Example This is done for the purpose of establishing whether the professions allow their workers to advance their careers. The clinical framework governing these fields has been examined to evaluate their practices and the impacts of their activities to the profession and society. The report also describes the codes of conduct followed in these fields along with the ethical issues affecting them. The professional boundaries between these two fields has been given for the purpose of distinguishing their scope of operation. Professional Education and Registration From the year 2004, the minimum professional qualification for a person who wanted to join social work in Scotland was a social work honors degree or an award in postgraduate education. Professional workers in the social services sector are registered by the Scottish Social Service Council (SSSC). This council was established under the act on regulation of care in the year 2001 in Scotland (Park, Murray and Delaney, 2006). Other peopl e who are interested with being registered as expert social workers by the council must have certificates that are recognizable by their relevant authorities (Scott, 2005). In the nursing field, the minimum qualifications a person must have before he or she can become a fully registered nurse in Scotland come in several stages. He or she must first undergo a compulsory three year training program. They take a specialization course that lasts for two years out of the three years according to their various fields. On completion of their course, they are registered with the council on Nursing and midwifery that serves under the National Health Service (NHS). The order of 2001 on midwifery and nursing practices hands power to the National Council on Midwifery. Principles of the Profession Social work is guided by the principles stating that social workers must keep and promote the safety, preferences, confidentiality along with the prospective people using these services. They should do this while maintaining a check between the use of the social services and their conservation. They are required to treat all the people as equal while valuing their uniqueness and diversities (Linsley, Kane and Owen, 2006). They should additionally maintain the trust of the public along with their confidence in the communal services. These principles are prescribed in their practice code that was generated by the Council of Social Services in Scotland. The principles guiding the nursing field in Scotland on the other hand, are their commitment to providing superior quality care that is centered on their patients and clients. They should show commitment towards the creation of new responsibilities supporting the connections between health and community care. The nurses are required to continuously apply their knowledge and skills to their practice while committing themselves to working with other experts or agencies (Currie, 2005). Lastly, the nurses are required to show commitment towards promoting the quality of their patient’s experiences and safety. The nursing field is charged with the responsibility of developing education programs that aim at modernizing the careers of nurses. Continuous Professional Development The body dealing with the standardization of education in social work is responsible for setting the skills, information and understanding of their

The Iraq War Vietnam Revisited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Iraq War Vietnam Revisited - Essay Example is making attempts to form an Iraqi legitimate state contrary to a background of insurgency, resulting in American death tolls and slight approval at home" (Grigg 12). "In Vietnam, we were making attempts to support the government that possessed too little legitimacy. But in Iraq, we're making attempts to form a government as well as back it up in such a way that it can advance legitimacy. And the things are utterly difficult to fulfill," explained W. Andrew Terrill (29). American policymakers have turned down ideas that Iraq, currently a major American battle-front front against terrorism, represents a Vietnam-like morass for 135,000 American troops that are inside the country. Though, for example, Terrill and Record consider there are very few war similarities between Iraq and Vietnam, when Communist armed forces supported by the U.S.S.R. and China defeated 500,000 U American troops (20). Despite this facts and ideas the authors of the report called Iraq and Vietnam: Differences, Similarities and Insights caution against dreadful after-effects in the case when the Vietnamese political lessons leave unnoticed. "Reiteration of those Iraqi debacles might result in pernicious after-effects for the American foreign policy," they add (57). The Vietnam War took the lives of not only 58,000 Americans but of 3,000,000 Vietnamese as well. Undoubtedly neither the U.S.A. nor the Iraqi people nor the rest of the world wants to see such horror events once again. Some experts consider that resemblance between Iraq and Vietnam is shallow but at the same time deep. This shallow resemblance is fully understandable and must serve just to attract our attention. Though the deeper resemblance must form policy and compel to choose alternatives that should appeal to our fears if they can result in the outcome possibly even more disastrous than during the Vietnam War (Hanson 33). America's involvement in Vietnam has, as a result, attracted much critical scrutiny, frequently addressed to the question, "Who was guilty" - "Who led the United States into this tragedy" A more enlightening question, it seems, is "How and why did this tragedy occur" The study of Vietnam should be a search for explanation and understanding, rather than for scapegoats. Focusing on one important period in this long and complicated story-the brief but critical months from November 1964 to July 1965, when America crossed the threshold from limited to large-scale war in Vietnam - helps to answer that question. For the crucial decisions of this period resulted from the interplay of longstanding ideological attitudes, diplomatic assumptions, and political pressures with decisive contemporaneous events in America and Vietnam (Powell 73). Victory in World War II produced a sea change in America's perception of its role in world affairs. Political leaders of both parties embraced a sweepingly new vision of the